Organic Compounds

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Characteristics Carbon chain or ring bonded to O or H atoms - contain 2 atoms of Hydrogen for every atom of Oxygen

Carbohydrate Importance Provide a quick source of energy (also used as structural building blocks ex: cellulose in plant cell wall)

Carbohydrate Examples Sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose) Starches (cellulose, glycogen

Carbohydrate Food Examples Breads, pasta, potatoes, rice, cereal, fruit, etc.

Lipids

Lipid Characteristics Consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms (contain more hydrogen atoms than carbohydrates do) Insoluble in water Saturated fat (animal) - single bonds Unsaturated fat (plant oils) - double bonds

Lipid Importance Long term energy source *insulation *make hormones *form part of cell membranes

Lipid Examples Fats, oils, waxes, sterols, glycerol

Lipid Food Examples Butter, mayo, animal fats, seeds, oils, nuts etc.

Protein Characteristics Consist of amino acid chains (C, H, O, N & S)

Protein Importance Build & repair cells Speed up chemical reactions

Protein Examples Hair, skin, spider webs Hemoglobin, keratin, enzymes, globulins

Protein Food Examples Meat, fish, eggs, nuts, milk

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid Characteristics Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P) Consist of repeating units of sugar, phospate & nitrogen bases

Nucleic Acid Importance Control cellular activity Store genetic information Direct the making of proteins

Nucleic Acid Examples DNA & RNA * (nucleic acids are present in almost all foods)

What are organic compounds? Chemical compounds that contain carbon.

What group(s) of substances are considered energy sources? Carbohydrates and lipids.

How are lipids & carbohydrates similar? How are they different? They are both energy sources but carbohydrates provide quick energy and lipids are a long term energy source.

Name 2 types of nucleic acids. What is their importance in the cell? DNA & RNA They are used to make protein, store genetic information, and control cell activity.

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - #1 a.Carbohydrate - C, H, O b.Lipid - C, H, O c.Amino acid - C, H, O, N d.Nucleic acid - C, H, O, N, P

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 2 Lipid

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 3 Hydrogen

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 4 A hydrocarbon has a central chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon.

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 5 Amino acid

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 6 Nucleic acid

Biological Molecules: Model 1 # 7 All contain C, H, & O.

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 8 C 6 H 12 O 6

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 9 Amine group, carboxylic acid, & R side chain.

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 10 CH 3 & CH 2 -SH

Biological Molecules: Model 1 - # 11 (skip) Lipids - the long hydrocarbon has many more bonds.

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 12 Glucose and fructose.

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 13 Sucrose and water.

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 14 Di-

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 15 Two amino acids

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 16 Water and a dipeptide.

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 17 They all produce water

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 18 SKIP

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 19 All the reactions cause water to be removed, therefore, the molecule is dehydrated or water is “condensed” from the molecule

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 20 Water.

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 21 Hydro-

Biological Molecules: Model 2 - # 22 Hydrolysis.