The Holocaust Discuss the constitutional issues and the impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the internment of Japanese Americans and the restrictions on German and Italian resident aliens; the RESPONSE of the administration to Hitler’s atrocities against the Jews

vocabulary 1. Anti-Semitism 2. Nuremberg Laws 3. Kristallnacht 4. Genocide 5. Concentration camp 6. Death camp 7. War Refugee Board

Hitler’s ideology Nazi movement based on anti-Semitism Nazi movement based on anti-Semitism Jews blames for all of Germany’s problems Jews blames for all of Germany’s problems Nazis rose to power, 1933 Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany Nazis rose to power, 1933 Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany Jews were persecuted from the start Jews were persecuted from the start

Nuremberg Laws First attack economic: attacked Jewish stores First attack economic: attacked Jewish stores Barred Jews from civil service jobs, banking, stock exchange, law, journalism and medicine Barred Jews from civil service jobs, banking, stock exchange, law, journalism and medicine Nuremberg Laws denied Jewish citizenship to Jews Nuremberg Laws denied Jewish citizenship to Jews Barred marriage b/w Jews non-Jews Barred marriage b/w Jews non-Jews segregated segregated

Kristallnacht November 9, 1938 November 9, 1938 “Night of Broken glass” “Night of Broken glass” Jewish refugee killed a German diplomat in Paris Jewish refugee killed a German diplomat in Paris Nazi officials ordered attacks on Jews in Germany, Austria and Sudetenland Nazi officials ordered attacks on Jews in Germany, Austria and Sudetenland Lead by secret police and military Lead by secret police and military

1,500 synagogues destroyed 1,500 synagogues destroyed 7,500 Jewish-owned businesses 7,500 Jewish-owned businesses Killed 200 Jews Killed 200 Jews Injured 600 Injured 600 Thousands arrested Thousands arrested

Jewish Flight about 129,000 Jews fled Germany and Austria about 129,000 Jews fled Germany and Austria Not welcomed in other countries Not welcomed in other countries 1939 the U.S turned away an ocean liner, the St. Louis with 900 Jewish refugees 1939 the U.S turned away an ocean liner, the St. Louis with 900 Jewish refugees 600 Jews died later in concentration camps 600 Jews died later in concentration camps 22 were allowed to stay in Cuba 22 were allowed to stay in Cuba

Ghettos Jewish Ghettos Jewish Ghettos Forced thousands to live in a few block area, not allowed out Forced thousands to live in a few block area, not allowed out –Warsaw- 30% of the population was forced to live on 2.5% of the land –9.7 people per room Poor nutrition Poor nutrition –Germans rationed 2,613 calories per day –253 calories per Jew

Final Solution Genocide-to kill with intent any racial, political or cultural group Genocide-to kill with intent any racial, political or cultural group 1933 first concentration camp opened 1933 first concentration camp opened Dachau, Sachsehausen and Buchenwald first Dachau, Sachsehausen and Buchenwald first In theory, these camps were to turn prisoners into useful members of society In theory, these camps were to turn prisoners into useful members of society

Who was sent to concentration camps? Labor leaders Labor leaders Socialists Socialists Communists Communists Journalists Journalists Novelists Novelists Ministers Ministers priests priests Anyone who spoke out Anyone who spoke out Undesirables Undesirables –Gypsies –Jehovah’s Witnesses –Homosexuals –Beggars –Disabled –Mentally ill

Death Camps Auschwitz Auschwitz –In Poland –Largest Treblinka, Maidenek, Treblinka, Maidenek, Sobibor, Belsec and Chelmno Sobibor, Belsec and Chelmno Millions transported Millions transported Gased Gased –Carbon monoxide Zyklon B (insecticide) Zyklon B (insecticide) Converted concentration camps Converted concentration camps –Millions shot and buried in ditches 11 million dead 11 million dead –6 million Jews –5 million others

War Refugee Board 1944 FDR est. War Refugee Board 1944 FDR est. War Refugee Board Worked with Red Cross to save thousands in E. Europe Worked with Red Cross to save thousands in E. Europe

Liberation Camps liberated as territory was won by Allied forces Camps liberated as territory was won by Allied forces Full extent of atrocities revealed Full extent of atrocities revealed Revelation of Holocaust resulted in increased support of est. a Jewish homeland Revelation of Holocaust resulted in increased support of est. a Jewish homeland –Israel –1948 State of Israel est.