France in the Age of Absolutism C19, S1 pp

Objectives Explain how Henry IV & Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening the central government Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war & the results

Characteristics of Absolutism 1) complete sovereignty 2) divine right theory of kingship 3) realm as the particular property of the monarch 4) duty of all subjects to obey the monarch’s authority 5) total command of the army and legal system 6) ability to collect and spend state finances 7) efficient and centralized bureaucracy

Strengthening the Monarchy Henry IV Hugenot converted to Catholic Passed Edict of Nantes Tried to take power away from nobles Trouble fixing taxes Murdered in 1610 Cardinal Richelieu Advisor over Louis XIII (8 years old) Wanted king to have unlimited power Took power from nobles and Hugenots Openly attacked Hugenots Promoted trade and industry

Thirty Years War Protestant rebellion against Holy Roman Empire Richelieu kept France out of the fight until 1648 Over countries weakened Treaty of Westphalia- France received valuable territory of Alsace Independence for Netherlands and Switzerland

1. What happened to Louis’ father when he was 4? 2. What name was Louis given at his baptism? 3. How was Louis’ relationship with Cardinal Mazarin? 4. How was Louis’ younger brother treated? 5. Who did Louis fall in love with in his teens? 6. Who was Maria Teresa? 7. What is Louis’ famous quote? 8. What was his nickname? 9. Describe the palace at Versailles. 10. Summarize Louis’ love life. 11. What was life like at Versailles? 12. How did he die?

Sun King Survived 2 revolutions as a youth- the Fronde Richelieu made sure power was there when he took over as king at 23 Ruled for 72 years Built Palace of Versailles So expensive that it strained French economy

Sun King con’t Divine Right of Kings- god gave him his power L’estate c’est moi- I am the state! Limited power of nobility- most powerful nobles had to live in the court Built standing army and navy- over 400,000 Repealed Edict of Nantes- 200,000 Hugenots fled country

Louis’ Wars Several wars to establish natural border of France for security Countries united against Louis to stop him- Wanted balance of power Gained land but at a cost of $$$

Spanish Succession Fought for next king of Spain Treaty of Utrecht France defeated Louis grandson could take Spanish throne but France and Spain could never unite France surrenders land in North America to Britain

The Sun King Write a description of the Palace of Versailles in the perspective of a peasant, a Huguenot and a Noble Domestic & economic policies – absolute power for king, increased French industry at home & trade abroad, reformed tax system, leading royal power

How long was the prisoner in Bastille? Where did Voltaire say the prisoner was originally held? In the fifth paragraph which starts “In 1768”, what nickname was the Man given and how is their story different from the movie we watched? In 1789, who started the story of Louis XIV twin brother? Summarize 2 of the stories behind the man in the Iron mask What was Alexandre Dumas’s other famous novel? Who do you think the Man in the Iron Mask is? Do you agree with any of the stories? Can you come up with one of your own.

Review Explain how Henry IV & Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening the central government Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war & the results Write a paragraph that describes “divine right of kings” and explain how it relates to absolutism.