Sail Course ® Section 20, Marlinespike Seamanship

Sail Course ® Figure 20–1 Three Strand Laid Rope

Sail Course ® Figure 20–2 Braided Line

Sail Course ® Figure 20–3 Overhand knot

Sail Course ® Figure 20–4 Figure-8 Knot Working End Standing Part

Sail Course ® Figure 20–5 Sheet Bend

Sail Course ® Figure 20–6 Double Sheet Bend

Sail Course ® Figure 20–7 Bowline

Sail Course ® Figure 20–8 Clove Hitch

Sail Course ® Figure 20–9 Rolling Hutch

Sail Course ® Figure 20–10 Anchor Bend

Sail Course ® Figure 20–11 Whipping Figure 20–12 Completed Whipping

Sail Course ® Vocabulary Becket. An eye in the end of a block used for securing an end of a line; an eye in the end of a rope. Bend. To make fast a sail to a spar or stay. Also, a knot to secure a line to another line or object. Bight. Open or closed loop in a line or rope. Fid. Tapered tool used in splicing. Hitch. A knot used to secure a rope fast to another rope or to other object. Knot. General term for securing a line to an object, another line, or itself. Also, unit of speed of one nautical mile per hour. Marlinespike. A pointed steel tool used in splicing to open the strands of a rope or cable. See “Fid.” Seize. To bind by many wrappings of small line. Seizing. Small stuff for binding. Splice. Joining lines by interweaving the strands. Whip. To bind the end of a rope with light line.

Sail Course ® Section 20 Supplemental Illustrations

Sail Course ®

® Cordage

Sail Course ® Parts of a Line BITTER END Fixed End of the Line WORKING END Knot-Tying End of the Line STANDING PART Between the Bitter and Working Ends

Sail Course ® Types of Line and Weave Nylon – Anchor, mooring, dock lines – Stretch w/out damage to fibers Polyester – Weaker than nylon – Doesn’t stretch – Common in sailboat rigging Polypropylene – Floats – Damaged by Sunlight Nylon Double Braid Nylon Three-Strand Polypropylene

Sail Course ® Bowline

Sail Course ® Cleated Line

Sail Course ® Cleat Hitch

Sail Course ® Square Knot

Sail Course ® - a series of loops and turns that joins 2 lines - a series of loops and turns that joins a line to something other than another line Knot - a series of loops and turns in a single line Bend - a series of loops and turns that joins 2 lines Hitch - a series of loops and turns that joins a line to something other than another line Knots, Bends and Hitches

Sail Course ® Basic Knots or Bends A good knot is easy to tie and easy to untie Knots or bends weaken line by as much as 50%

Sail Course ® Take a 3/4 turn under the horn away from the load Lead the free end over and under the opposite horn Lead the free end over and under the other horn Tuck the free end under the last turn Cleat Hitch

Sail Course ® Start by forming an underhand loop Lead the free end under the standing part Feed the free end through the loop formed by the underhand loop Pull the knot tight Figure Eight

Sail Course ® Good Uses – Furling sails – Reefing sails – Lashing small stuff Should not be used for a varying load Reef or Square Knot

Sail Course ® Use to join two lines of different diameter – Form a bight in one line – Lead the free end of the second line through the bight and around the Standing part of the first line – Tuck the free end of the second line under the standing part of line two – Snug up the bend Sheet Bend

Sail Course ® Form an overhand loop Feed the free end through the loop Feed the free end around the standing part Feed the free end into the loop Bowline

Sail Course ® Form an underhand loop around the post Lead the free end above the turn Now form another underhand loop around the post Use a half hitch as a “locking knot” to keep the clove hitch from slipping Clove Hitch

Sail Course ® Make a round turn around the post or a ring Lead the free end around the standing part forming an underhand loop Repeat the last step Round Turn & Two Half Hitches

Sail Course ® Take a round turn around the anchor ring or a post Make a turn around the standing part Feed the free end through the center of the round turn Make a round turn around the standing part and snug up the bend Anchor Bend

Sail Course ® Make a round turn around the standing part of a second line or post Lead the line above the round turn Make a turn around the line Rolling Hitch

Sail Course ® Whipping – Used to keep the end of a line from unraveling Methods – With ‘small stuff’ or twine – Taping – Liquid whip – Melting nylon line ends Common Whipping

Sail Course ® Caring for Lines Overloading – Use at 20% of breaking strength – Loading at 75% of breaking Strength may cause damage Avoid kinks & sharp bends Avoid chemicals Protect against chafing Regular cleaning

Sail Course ® Stow carefully Coiling Flemishing Caring for Lines

Sail Course ® Winch Start by wrapping the line clockwise Pile the wraps up from the bottom to the top Make more turns for a heaver load The correct way to wrap a line around a winch. This will not jam.

Sail Course ® Winch This is the incorrect way to lead a line to a winch. This will jam.

Sail Course ® Blocks and Tackle Block – A nautical name for a pulley Sheave – Roller in a block over which a line passes as it goes through the block Tackle – Arrangement of line and blocks used to provide increased mechanical advantage Winch – Geared drum turned by a handle and used to pull lines such as sheets and halyards

Sail Course ® A. 1:1 – 10 lb pull lifts 10 lbs B. 2:1 – 10 lb pull lifts 20lbs C. 3:1 – 10 lb pull lifts 30lbs D. 4:1 – 10 lb pull lifts 40lbs E. 5:1 – 10 lb pull lifts 50 lbs Blocks and Tackles 1:12:13:14:1 5:1 ABC DE

Sail Course ® Step 1 – Unravel about 12” of line – Temporarily whip each strand – Also whip the base of the loose strands – Size the eye – Open the strands where you want to start on the standing part ABC abcabc Making an Eye Splice

Sail Course ® Step 2 – Lay the splice with the B strand in the middle over the starting point – Tuck strand B under strand “b” – Pull it up snug - but not too tight! A B C b c a Making an Eye Splice

Sail Course ® Step 3 – Now tuck strand A under the “a” strand – Pull it up snug - but not too tight! A B C b c a Making an Eye Splice

Sail Course ® Step 4 – Turn the eye splice over as shown – Tuck strand C under the “c” strand – Pull it up snug – Retighten the other strands A B C b c a Making an Eye Splice

Sail Course ® Step 5 – Return the eye splice to the starting position – Begin with strand B going over the next lay and then under the next – Continue the sequence with strand A and then strand C – Make at least 4 to 5 more tucks pulling each strand tight Making an Eye Splice

Sail Course ® End of Section 20 Slides