MEASURING LENGTH AND TIME

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Presentation transcript:

MEASURING LENGTH AND TIME

Measuring length Common tool for the lengths from a few millimeters up to a meter is a rule Calipers are used in cases when it is impossible to put object next to a scale

More accurate length measurements For greater precision in measurements we use Vernier caliper or Micrometer screw gauge

Using Vernier callipers The main scale and the vernier scale give a measurement of a distance between the two inner faces of the jaws. example in Figure thickness of rod = main scale reading + vernier reading = 35mm+0.7mm = 35.7mm First read the highest scale division on main scale just left of the zero and then, look at the vernier scale where division coincide . This is the fraction of a millimetre that you must add to the first reading.

Micrometer screw gauge

How to use micrometer The main scale is on the shaft, and the fractional scale is on the rotating barrel. The fractional scale has 50 divisions, so that one complete turn represents 0.50mm

Turn the barrel until the jaws just tighten on the object (a clicking sound is heard) Read the main scale to the nearest 0.5mm Read the additional fraction of a millimeter from the fractional scale example in Figure thickness of rod = main scale reading + fractional scale reading = 2.5mm+0.17mm= 2.67mm

State the measurements shown in Figure bellow

Measuring time time intervals of many seconds or minutes can be measured using a stopclock or a stopwatch instruments can have analog and digital display making accurate measurement with hand-operated stopwatch is sometimes difficult for a rapidly moving object between two points time is measured using light gates connected to an electronic timer example - measuring period of a pendulum since swings are small and at steady rate we can use a stopwatch to measure the time for large number of swings and calculate the average time per swing

Question A pendulum is timed, first for 20 swings and then for 50 swings: time for 20 swings = 17.4s time for 50 swings = 43.2s Calculate the average time per swing in each case. The answers are slightly different. Can you suggest any experimental reason for this? Useful links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNdkYIVJ3Vc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXtE07tbK8s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-RZxhyZVio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StBc56ZifMs