Section 2 Moving to the City

How did industrialization of America change work on the farms?  Farm machinery  Clothing

African Americans’ voyage… 1 st - Lived in the rural South in poverty 2 nd -Moved to Southern cities to search for jobs 3 rd -Moved to the Northern cities which offered more industrial jobs and hoping to find less discrimination

Big Cities…..  Kansas City – Cattle  Pittsburgh – iron/steel  New York/San Francisco seaports & immigrants

tenements A building in which several families rented rooms. Later they became apartment buildings in the slums, poor, run-down urban neighborhoods. Few had hot water, 3-4 people in every room.

Jacob Riis Wrote… How the Other Half Lives  Est. housing codes  Playgrounds  Parks

Middle Class  Doctors  Lawyers  Ministers  Managers Many moved from the cities to the suburbs – residential areas outside a city Houses with hot water, indoor toilets & electricity by Servants and leisure time.

The Gilded Age – late 1800s The extravagant wealth of the time and the terrible poverty that lay underneath. Associated with a thin layer of gold

The Wealthy  Enormous mansions in the city  Estates in the country  Extreme luxury  Enormous parties & dinners Some meals costing $1.3 million today

William K. and Alva Vanderbilt – Cornelius’s son

Crisis in the city Overcrowded cities created sanitation & health problems Garbage & horse manure accumulated in the street Sewers could not handle the flow of human waste Filth created a breeding ground for diseases

Chicago Fire of square miles burned down

Health & Crime Problems  1900 babies died of whopping cough, diphtheria, or measles before their 1 st birthday in Chicago  Tuberculosis in New York  Lead to the establishment of health clinic  Poverty lead to crime such as picking pockets and other minor crimes to survive by orphaned and homeless children

Seeking Solutions YMCA – Young Men’s Christian Assoc. YWCA - Young Women’s (recreational places to play & meet) Religious Groups aided the poor

settlement houses  Located in poor neighborhoods in U.S. and Britain  Provided health care  Playgrounds  Nurseries  Libraries  Taught English, music, arts, crafts

Hull House – Chicago Jane Addams (1889)

Elisha Otis 1 st safety elevator Elevator etiquette

William LeBaron Jenney Built the world’s 1 st skyscraper – 10 stories in Chicago 1884 Louis Sullivan architect

Woolworth Building New York: stories (792 feet) People called it… Cathedral of Commerce

Tallest Building in the World Burj Khalifa in the Middle East 2,717 feet tall

Sears Tower Chicago, IL (tallest building in the U.S.) feet tall

Central Park – New York City Designed by Frederick Olmsted 770 acres

First Subway – Boston 1897

What were streets made of???  Sand and gravel  Wood blocks  Brick  Cobblestone  Asphalt – by product of petroleum in 1890s

Eads Bridge in St. Louis Crosses the Mississippi River

Brooklyn Bridge New York City