Peninsular Polities CE

I. Water II. Land III. Temples & monasteries in social networks IV. Literary vernaculars V.What brings the literary vernaculars to life? VI. Tevaram and the local work of culture VII. The problem of anachronism

I. Water Deccan Peninsula Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri rivers Rivers & sea ports on Bay of Bengal

II. Land Growing maritime trade Increasing agricultural land base Land grant strategies

III. Temples & Monasteries in Social Networks Agricultural development Revenue extraction Local intermediaries Sites for bureaucracy Caste & occupation associations Flows of expertise within religious & court networks

IV. Literary Vernaculars Cosmopolitan language literary vernaculars Tamildevotional verse Teleguinscriptions Kannadaroyal praise poems Malayalam Gujarati Bangla

V. What Brings the Literary Vernaculars to Life?

New political formations Non-brahman/brahmin elites New forms of devotional expression

VI. Tevaram and the Local Work of Culture 6-10th c. Tamil composition 12th c. authorized for temple liturgy Local sites (ex. Tiravarur in Tanjavur district) Local devotional community Non-brahman/brahmin social space Devotion w/o brahman/brahmin

VII. The Problem of Anachronism Beyond contemporary borders of state/ethnicity/language Multilingual literary communities