Immune Escape of Tumors: Responses and Resistance Tumors In The Immune System Group : 6 Erona Wafaretta ( ) Triesha Retno Astari ( )

TUMOR Tumor can means swelling or hardening of cell. Tumor is all kind of enlargement or harderer that formed from neoplasm and can causes of unnormality development. Cell will unnormality and can’t be coordinated, that will caused tumor in that cell and uncontroled poliferation.

TUMOR

Abnormality Situation Curent state of normal cell in tissue growth into uncountable cell in individu’s body. Hiperplasia Curent state of cell develop abnormality and usually seen have modification in that nucleus. In this step, cell’s nucleus have many variated, wich mitotic activity higher and become differentiated cell in tissue. Displasia Curent state of cell in tissue that did unormality poliferation and have intensife character. Neoplasia

Causative Factor Of Tumors Environment Factor Ex : Virus, diet, UV, Radiation, etc. Genetically Factor Tumor form of two kind situation, they are promoter and inisiator

Kind of Tumor Benign Tumors characteristics : - Bumper has membrane - Cell growth as same as cell normall - Always growth without injure another cell - Growth slowly - Can’t have seed cell tumors Malignant Tumors characteristics: - Bumper didn’t have any membrane - Cell growth with differentiation from cell normal. - Growth fast - Can injure another cell - Can loose and enter in blood vessel and limfe glands. - Can make seed cell tumor

Mechanism of Responses Immune

TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Numerous tumor antigens have been identified that can be recognized by T cells. Some of these antigens are expressed exclusively by tumors and thus are called tumors pecific antigens. These antigens arise from mutations or translocations of normal cellular genes The mutations may be involved directly in carcinogenesis. Another group of antigens are the tumor-associated antigens that are not only expressed by tumor cells, but are also expressed by other cells of the body.

TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Two different models for the immune response to tumors the concept of immunosurvei llance the danger model

TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system also play an important role in immune surveillance of tumors NK cells kill MHC class I deficient cells a phenomenon that is part of the “missing self” hypothesis. The activity of NK cells is controlled by a balance of potentials (+/-) signals. Engagement of inhibitory receptors by MHC class I molecules blocks activation signals

TUMOR IMMUNE ESCAPE MECHANISMS Despite presentation of antigens by malignant cells and the presence of immune cells that could potentially react against these cells, in many cases the immune system does not get activated but “ignores” the tumor. Growth of antigenic tumors in the presence of potent immune cells cannot be explained by immunological ignorance alone. A major goal of cancer immunotherapy is to generate an anti-tumor immune response

TUMOR IMMUNE ESCAPE MECHANISMS

Cell Tumor Resistance from Immune

Healing for Tumor’s Patient Surgery Imunoteraphy Chemoteraphy

Conclusions Research in tumor immunology has provided a wealth of information about the interactions between tumors and the immune system. Many of these interactions are now not only known on a cellular, but also on a molecular level. Despite this knowledge, cancer immunotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy still is not an established treatment in the clinic. Many approaches may fail because tumors use multiple mechanisms to become resistant to the immune system.