earthquake floods drought

thunder/ lightning hurricane /typhoon tornado/cyclone tsunami

volcano-eruption erupt = break out (of a volcano)

Have you ever thought about how powerful nature is? Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake? Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless. In your groups discuss ways human beings protect themselves from powerful natural forces.

warming up and reading(1) Unit 5 warming up and reading(1)

What do you know about volcano? Do you know how a volcano erupts?

Active volcano

extinct(dead) volcano dormant volcano

volcano-eruption Ash cloud/volcanic ash Crater Lava Boiling rock erupts from the crater; the lava flows slowly down the mountain. Magma chamber

How is a volcano formed? The rocks under the earth becomes hotter and hotter and erupt from the mountain.

Where is the most possible place that a volcano may erupt? Near the oceans.

Can you imagine climbing into a live volcano in order to measure the temperature of the boiling rock inside? Can you imagine doing such dangerous work as part of your job? Do you think you would enjoy studying volcanoes as a job? Answer "yes" or "no" to these questions to find out if you would be suitable for this work.

Questions Yes No 1 Do you like working outside as well as inside? 2 Do you enjoy travelling to unusual places? 3 Do you enjoy taking risks? 4 Do you dislike doing the same thing every day? 5 Do you like adventure in your life? 6 Are you interested in studying rocks and other things that make up the surface of the earth? If you answered "yes" to all these questions, then volcanology could be a good career for you. Read the passage on the next page to find out more about being a volcanologist.

Working as a volcanologist What might be talked about? An Exciting Job Working as a volcanologist

Skim the passage to check whether your guesses are correct. What does a volcanologist do? Is the work important? What is the volcanologist wearing when getting close to the crater? Skim the passage to check whether your guesses are correct.

Read the passage quickly and try to find out main ideas of each part. The writer’s experience of watching the volcanic eruption Part 1(Para 1-2) Part 2(Para 3-4) Part 3(Para 5) The writer’s job and its importance The reasons for the writer’s enthusiasm about his job

Careful reading Read the whole text more carefully and then finish the multiple-choices.

1.What’s the main idea of para.3 ? Boiling rock which erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth causes less damage. B. The lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage. C. The eruption is much more exciting to watch. D. There had been an eruption in the side of the mountain.

2.The writer doesn’t mind the occasional danger of his job because _____. A. He travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world B. He likes the different ways of working C. He thinks his job the most important D. He is excited about dangers and feels alive

3.Why did the volcanologist run out of the house into the back garden? A. Because his bed began shaking. B. Because his bedroom suddenly became as bright as day. C. Because he thought there was an earthquake in Hawaii. D. Because he wanted to collect information about the eruption.

4. What does the writer mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “ I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. ” ? A. He left much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater. B. It was his first sight of an eruption. C. It was the first time for him to watch the crater. D. both B and C.

Read again and answer these questions using complete sentences. (Exercise 1 on Page 35)

Why is a volcanologist's job important? 2. Where is Mount Kilauea? Volcanologists study volcanoes so that they can warn people when the volcano is going to erupt and so save many lives. Why is a volcanologist's job important? 2. Where is Mount Kilauea? 3. Why is the lava that flows on Mount Kilauea more dangerous than the actual eruption? 4. What caused the writer's bedroom to become as bright as day even though it was night'? Mount Kilauea is in Hawaii. The lava flows down the mountain and can cover up or burn villages in its path. The rocks that erupt from the volcano usually don’t damage anything because no one lives near the crater. The light was caused by the red-hot rocks and gas that erupted from the volcano.

The scientists needed to get samples of the lava so they could study them. 5. Why did the scientists have to get close to the volcano after it began erupting? 6. Why was it difficult for the write~' to walk towards the edge of the crater? 7. What does the writer find impressive about volcanoes even after studying them for many years? The author was wearing special protective clothing that made it difficult to walk. The author is impressed by the beauty of the eruption and also by its potential to cause great destruction.

How does the author feel about his job? I have the greatest job in the world Danger excites me and makes me feel alive Protect people from the volcano

What made the author realize that an eruption occurred? My bed began shaking My bedroom became as bright as day A strange sound Red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air An absolutely fantastic sight

What did the scientists do after the eruption? Dropped as close as possible to the crater Put on white protective suits helmets, big boots Slowly made our way to the edge of the crater Looked down into the red, boiling centre Climbed down into the crater to collect some lava

1） Having learnt a little more about the work of a volcanologist, do you think it is an occupation you would enjoy? Give your reasons. 2) If you could meet the writer of the passage, what kind of questions would you ask? Discuss with others in your class.

In pairs discuss what skills you think a volcanologist should have In pairs discuss what skills you think a volcanologist should have. Make a list. Then look at these three people who would like to study volcanoes. Which one would you choose to become a volcanologist? Give your reasons. (exercise 3)

Discovering useful words and expressions

2)（搏斗，暴力事件，噪音等）突然发生，爆发 街头暴力可以在没有明显原因的情况下爆发。 1. erupt 1)（火山）爆发，喷发 维苏威火山已经多年没有爆发了。 Mount Vesuvius hasn’t erupted for a good many years. 2)（搏斗，暴力事件，噪音等）突然发生，爆发 街头暴力可以在没有明显原因的情况下爆发。 Violence in street can erupt for no apparent reason. erupt into laughter/shouting/crying, etc.突然大笑/叫喊/大哭 他毫无理由地大笑起来。 He erupted into laughter without any reason.

2. I travel to unusual place and work alongside people … alongside =( prep / adv ) close to the side of sth His new car was parked alongside mine. We walked alongside of the river. 3. …sometimes using scientific equipment… equipment (u) / equip...with... 4. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the HVO. appoint = choose sb for a post They appointed him (to be) chairman (as chairman) appoint sb to sth / He was ~ed to a new country.

5. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists… evaluate: vt. find out the amount or value of The school has only been open for six months, so it is hard to evaluate its success. I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work. You should evaluate your chances of success before making a decision. 评价；评估 assess 我没有看到他的工作情况，无法判断他的能力。 作出决定前，你应该估计成功的机会。

6. Many houses have been burned to the ground. burn to the ground: 指楼房等被烧毁 短语联想 burn away: 烧掉 The wood had burnt away to nothing. burn down：(建筑物）烧毁 The school has (been)burnt down by vandals burn off：烧掉 He was badly injured in the accident, and all his hair was burnt off. burn up：烧毁、烧得更旺/亮 He put more wood on the fire to make it burn up.

7. It was an absolutely fantastic sight. absolutely: adv. definitely and completely; unquestionably 完全地；确实地; 绝对地；毫无疑问地 absolute adj绝对的；完全的 It's absolutely impossible. He refused absolutely. Do you think so? Absolutely. 你是这样想吗? 当然是。 He is absolutely wrong. 他完全错了。 这绝对不可能。 他彻底拒绝了。

A fountain of water shot up from the pipe. fantastic: adj. 幻想的, 奇异的, 稀奇古怪的, 荒谬的, 空想的 fantastic dream 怪诞的梦 fantastic story 怪诞的故事 fantastic hopes 异想天开 fountain A fountain of water shot up from the pipe. Ancient Greece is a fountain of wisdom. fountain pen

= go 8. … we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and ... make one’s way (to/towards sp ) She hesitated, but made her way forward. 她犹豫了一下，但向前走去。 She left the room, and made her way to her bed. make one’s way 还有表示“有出息”succeed。 If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard while you are still young. = go 她快速离开房间，朝她床走去。

feel one’ way push one’s way find one’s way go one’s way fight one’s way wind one’s /its way lose one’s way 摸索前进 挤过 找到路，设法到达 走自己的路，我行我素 奋勇前进 蜿蜒前进 迷路

2) adj. capable of being but not yet in existence 潜在的，潜伏的 9. I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. potential: 1) n. the inherent ability or capacity for growth, development, or coming into being 潜力，潜能 The new invention has an enormous sales potential. He is a young player with great potential. 他是一个潜力很大的年轻选手。 2) adj. capable of being but not yet in existence 潜在的，潜伏的 a potential problem 潜在的问题 Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in price before buying.

Review the text carefully and finish the comprehending2-3 on page 35. Find out words, expressions and sentences which you think are useful, important or difficult to understand and finish exercises on page 36.