L.O.: SWBAT discuss the responses to industrialization and the effects of imperialism. I.A.: (Written Response) How did the industrial revolution cause problems in the United States?

Early Reform Movements Women’s Suffrage – Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Declaration of Sentiments – Women believed that they should have the right to vote Temperance – Ban alcohol in the US Abolition – End slavery in the US

Problems Caused by Industrialization Labor Conditions: long hours, low pay, poor conditions, child labor Living Conditions: unsanitary, unsafe tenements Division of Wealth: most wealth controlled by a small # of ppl Political Corruption: political machines “buying votes” from immigrants Abuse of natural resources: industrialization depletes US resources

Muckrakers Photographers and journalists who exposed the problems caused by industrialization through their work. – The Octopus Frank Norris: exposes RR monopolies in CA – History of the Standard Oil Company Ida Tarbell: exposes ruthless practices of Rockefeller – The Shame of the Cities Lincoln Steffens: exposes political corruption – The Jungle Upton Sinclair: exposes unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industry – How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis: exposes conditions of NYC tenements

Areas of Concern Poverty – Building codes to require safer, better-lighted, better- ventilated tenements Settlement Houses (i.e. Jane Addams Hull House) – Offered working poor education, child care, social activities Temperance – 18 th amendment in 1920 bans sale, manufacture, and transport of alcohol (Prohibition ) Child Labor – Legislation implemented to regulate child labor Women’s Suffrage – 19 th amendment in 1920 grants women the right to vote

African Americans Booker T. Washington – AA should establish themselves economically W.E.B. DuBois – AA should protest discrimination and demand equal rights – Precursor to 1960s civil rights movement Marcus Garvey – All AA should emigrate back to Africa Ida B. Wells – Crusade against lynching

Progressive Government Secret Ballot: nobody can know who an individual votes for Initiative: voters can ask the gov’t to consider a law Referendum: voters decide whether a bill should be passed as law Recall: voters can force representatives out of office Direct Primary: voters select candidates to run for office 17 th amendment: the people directly elect senators to office

Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal Consumer Protection – Pure Food and Drug Act – Meat Inspection Act (result of The Jungle) Business Regulation – Trust Buster: eliminate bad trusts and regulate good trusts Labor Conditions – Anthracite Coal Strike: Roosevelt supports workers Conservation – Creates national parks like Yellowstone and Yosemite

Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom Graduated Income Tax – Part of the Underwood Tariff Act – Percent of income tax is based on earnings Federal Reserve System: Federal gov’t can – Issue currency – Control $ in circulation – Control interest rates  Similar to national bank in the 1800s

Causes of Imperialism Drive for markets and raw materials – Make more money by selling products to other countries Growth of Naval Power – We need a strong navy to protect trade ships – Navy needs bases around the world Manifest Destiny – America needs a new frontier Social Darwinism – US is a superior nation and should dominate weaker ones Missionary Spirit – Spread Christianity to “uncivilized” nations

Asia and the Pacific China – Within the sphere of influence of Europe – Open Door Policy: US attempts to ensure economic rights in China; unsuccessful Japan – US ends Japanese isolation in 1854 and helps overthrow the Samurai – Rather than fall victim to Europe like China, Japan modernized quickly Hawaii – American sugar planters overthrew Hawaiian queen and become part of the US

Spanish-American War Causes – Yellow Journalism: exaggerated articles about Spanish treatment of Cubans – The de Lôme Letter: Spanish ambassador trashed President McKinley; letter was published in the newspaper – Sinking of the Maine: US ship exploded in Cuban harbor Effects – Cuba is independent – Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam go to US – US emerges as a world power

Latin America Monroe Doctrine 1823: US promises to intervene if Europe tries to assert power in Latin America Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: US acts as an international police force to correct the “wrong” behavior of a Latin American country – Big Stick Policy: US protects American investments and prevents European involvement – Panama Canal give US even more reason to assert power in Latin America

Whole Group Practice