Evolution Inherited change over time, eventually causing creation of new species.

The H.M.S Beagle  In 1831, Darwin set sail from England aboard the H.M.S. Beagle for a voyage around the world.  Darwin went ashore and collected plant and animal specimens for his collection.  OBSERVATIONS: - -Many plants and animals were well suited to the environments they inhabited. -Grasslands in some regions were similar to one another but were inhabited by very different animals.

Observations (continued) Fossils : some he collected resembled organisms that were still alive, others looked completely unlike any creature he had ever seen. Galápagos Islands: They were close together but had very different climates. Characteristics of animals and plants greatly varied among the different islands. Example: Among tortoises, the shape of the shell corresponds to different habitats. high sparse vegetation low abundant vegetation Hood Island Tortoise Isabela Island Tortoise

Galapagos Finches

Darwin was not alone in his theory!  charlesdarwin/ charlesdarwin/ Acquired (in a lifetime)Inherited (In your genes) Big musclesHeight Short hairEye color TattoosFoot size

 This animal uses its fingers to reach into small cracks for food. In its lifetime it reached for food SO much that its fingers grew longer to help.

The bright colors on this frog keeps predators away. Over a long period of time the frogs with the brightest colors were able to survive So they were the ones to pass on their genes.

This giraffe’s neck grew longer during its lifetime. Therefore, it was able to pass on its long neck to its offspring.

This crocodile used its teeth so much during its life to eat prey that its teeth grew bigger and bigger. This helped him survive.

Larger eyes help this animal see in the dark. The members of this population who did not have large eyes did not survive and reproduce. Therefore over time only the ones with larger eyes survived.

When male orangutans become mature their cheeks become larger to help make vocal threats to other males. Since this orangutan's cheeks grew extra big during his lifetime his offspring (baby) will also have large cheeks when it is born.

The sharks that have sharper teeth will be more likely to survive and reproduce. The sharks that do not have as sharp teeth will not survive and pass on their genes.

This octopus uses its pattern to scare away its predators. This octopus tried so hard during its lifetime to develop the pattern that eventually it got it!

James Hutton and Charles Lyell  The world was VERY religious back then and the bible said the Earth was only a few thousand years old.  ‘ Uniformitarianism’ says that geological processes that we see today MUST be the same processes that shaped Earth from the beginning.  Therefore, Earth must be extremely OLD!  Rivers carving out canyons, mountain ranges etc.

Thomas Malthus  If the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn’t be enough living space and food for everyone!  Forces working against population growth:  War  Famine  Disease  Darwin reasoned that this principal must apply to other organisms too!  Maple trees have thousands of seeds each summer!  Oysters produce millions of eggs every year!

Alfred Wallace  Came up with almost the same exact theory!  Toured South America and made similar observations  Darwin published his ideas FIRST, so he is credited with the theory!

Natural Selection

Let’s Discuss  Example #1: I do  Population of fish  There is less light coming into the ocean  Example 2: We do  Population of tree dwelling monkeys  Their main food source (fruit) has developed a harder outer shell  Example 3: You do  Population of frogs  New predator introduced into the jungle

Adaptations! Long fingers to pull food out of trees SLOW metabolism Suction cup feet Water repellant fur and tentacles to identify food Jelly like mass slightly less dense than water Camouflage Huge eyes to help find prey-birds- (nocturnal) Frill to frighten predators