https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer- science/internet-intro

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Presentation transcript:

https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer- science/internet-intro How the Internet Works https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer- science/internet-intro

Wires, Cables, & wifi https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro

The Internet: a physical system made to move information Wires, Cables, & wifi The Internet: a physical system made to move information

The information is made of bits Bit=any pair of opposites (0n/off) On=1 Off=0 8 bits=1byte Binary

Internet Speed Bandwidth: Transmission capacity Bitrate : the number of bits per second a system can transmit Latency : time it takes for a bit to travel from the sender to the receiver

Cables Ethernet wire-sends information using electricity Loses signal over long distances Fiber optic-Sends information as light No signal loss over distances

Wifi Wireless-uses radio signals to transmit information Router receives information and then translates that information from binary into radio waves that are broadcast and your computer or smartphone can pick up Signal loss over long distances.

IP Addresses and DNS https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro

The internet is a network of networks Links billions of devices together around the globe ISP : Internet Service Provider Protocol : a set of rules and standards used to communicate between machines

All devices on the internet have an unique address IP (Internet Protocol) address : the computer sends a message to another computer with its address (a specific number that indicates its location) DNS (Domain Name system) : associates names with the corresponding address. The Computer uses the DNS to find the IP address

Packets, routing, and reliability https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro

Data travels on the internet indirectly-there is not a fixed path from one computer to another

Information travels on the Internet in a Packet

A packet travels one place to another on the internet a lot like how you might get from one place to another in a car, depending on traffic or road conditions.

Packets can be divided into smaller packets if the information to be sent is too big. Each smaller packet contains the destination address to it gets to the right place

Router- acts as a traffic manager to keep the packets moving smoothly

Each router keeps track of the different routes for sending packets and chooses the cheapest available path for each piece of data based on destination IP address. Having options for paths makes the network fault tolerant-which means the network can keep sending packets even if something goes horribly wrong. This helps make the internet reliable

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) : manages the sending and receiving of all your data packets

HTTP and HTML https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) : A websites address

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) : the language used to communicate between web browsers and servers Manage the sending and receiving of web files

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) : the language that tells the web browser how the page should look

Cookies: an ID number a website uses to remember who you are

Encryption & Public Keys https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro

The internet is an open and public system which makes it vulnerable to hacking Encryption: scrambling or changing a message to hide it. Decryption: unscrambling the message to make it readable Key: a secret password for unlocking a message

Public key-shared with everybody so anybody can encrypt a message Asymmetric encryption: different keys for encrypting and decrypting data Public key-shared with everybody so anybody can encrypt a message Private key-can only be decrypted by a computer with access-only you can decrypt the message

HTTPs : secured

Cybersecurity and Crime https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro

Virus is a program that gets installed (usually unintentionally) and harms the user and computer. Can spread to other computers.

How does a virus infect? Trick the user to install a program that contains the virus. Software has a vulnerability-get in a back door. Once in, it can steal or delete files, control programs, or allow remote operation.

SPAm/phishing : email trick to get people to share sensitive personal information

Avoid getting hacked Use strong passwords Check for authentic web addresses Install system security updates often Don’t install software you don’t trust.