** In your notes, in preparation for a video clip about slavery and the cotton industry – “America: The Story of Us – Division,” write down the following questions, leaving a few spaces to take notes: - (1) Describe the scenes depicted in the video regarding slaves being bought and sold at an auction. - (2) Summarize what is stated in the video about Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman? - (3) What is described about the Fugitive Slave Act (Law)? - (4) Summarize what are the efforts of John Brown mentioned in the video? - (5) What was Abraham Lincoln’s principle objective as president? His secondary objective?

Learning Targets: (1) Students will understand the contributions of Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown towards the abolition movement. (2) Students will analyze events that increased tension between North and South – Compromise of 1850, the publishing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, “Bleeding Kansas” and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and John Brown’s Raid.

Handout about Frederick Douglas Questions to write down and answer in response to handout: – (1) What is Frederick Douglas’s understanding of the word “abolition?” – (2) Summarize describe the beginning of how Frederick Douglas learned to read and write?

– (2) What is the major question discussed by our nation’s leaders when a territory is eligible for statehood? Questions for review: – (1) What is the major question discussed by our leaders when beginning to settle a territory?

“Popular Sovereignty” This is the idea that the people of a territory will vote by popular majority whether they want to allow slavery.

- Compromise of 1850 – (1) Texas surrendered territorial claims – (2) California a free state – (3) Slavery not restricted in Mexican Cession, so “popular sovereignty” in Utah and New Mexico territories – (4) Slave trade banned in Washington D.C. – (5) Fugitive Slave Act ** Fugitive Slave Act – further polarizes the nation - Any African American can be accused - No right to testify - Federal marshals have an incentive to declare a slave Rising National Tensions, 1850’s

Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Puts a human face on the plight of slavery & increases abolitionist sentiment in the North Rising National Tensions, 1850’s - Possibly allows slavery in former Missouri Territory north of 36 30’ - Popular sovereignty - Causes “Civil War” in Kansas Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

“Bleeding Kansas” The violence against abolitionists was accompanied by celebrations in the pro-slavery press, with writers such as Dr. John H. Stringfellow of the Squatter Sovereign proclaiming that pro-slavery forces "are determined to repel this Northern invasion and make Kansas a Slave State; though our rivers should be covered with the blood of their victims the carcasses of the Abolitionists should be so numerous in the territory as to breed disease and sickness, we will not be deterred from our purpose."

John Brown -Background of John Brown -Motivated by the “Bleeding Kansas” crisis -Kansas at this time has two government: one anti- slavery and the other pro-slavery -Long history of support for abolitionist cause -In response to peaceful abolitionists, he stated “"These men are all talk. What we need is action— action!"

John Brown -Raid on Lawrence, KS: May 21,1856 – pro-slavery attack -Pottawatomie Massacre: May 24-25, 1856, John Brown leads abolitionists soldiers -John Brown’s Raid: Harpers Ferry, Virginia: Oct. 16, 1859, which has an arsenal of weapons On December 2, 1859, Brown wrote: “I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done."