Chapter 14 Review Socialization of Children

Questions 1.What is socially acceptable behaviour? Give an example of behaviour that is NOT socially acceptable. Give one example of age appropriate behaviour for each stage: Infants, Toddlers, Pre-schoolers, Older children and Adolescents. How can parents encourage socially acceptable behaviour? ( be specific – strategies) 2.What are the agents of socialization? What is the role of family in socialization? 3.What is the Three-Stage Discipline Plan? Explain. 4.What are some of the social and cultural aspects of neglectful parenting? 5.Define Child Abuse and neglect. Give five examples of neglectful parenting.

1. What is socially acceptable behaviour?  Socially acceptable behaviour is behaviour that is customary or accepted in society (considered “the norm”).  Example: picking your nose in public is NOT socially acceptable behaviour.  Examples of age-appropriate behaviour:  Infants: not biting, grabbing or pulling hair  Preschoolers: using indoor voices  Older children: being careful with their language  Adolescents: taking responsibility for their actions  What parents can do to encourage SAB:  Setting examples by exhibiting the acceptable behaviour  Stating expectations  Giving positive feedback (rewarding good behaviour)

 Children and adults continue to learn what is acceptable and unacceptable in various circumstances. This is called socialization. This teaches children how to get along in the world.  Encouragement: favourable comments that affirm behaviour – gives the child the courage to act in the preferred way in social situations.  Reinforcement: occurs when the child’s preferred behaviour is acknowledged and encouraged repeatedly until it becomes second nature.

2. Agents of socialization & role of the family  Norms: accepted ways of society  Agents of socialization: the individuals that teach children the norms.  Agents of socialization:  Culture, community, religion  Parents, caregivers, peers  School and mass media  The role of parents is to provide their children with a secure base for socialization through the love and nurturing they provide them from birth.

 Reading is one of the best ways family members can contribute to a child’s social development. Books are an effective resource for teaching children about the world and how people behave in it.  Parenting philosophy: what parents feel is the best approach to use with their children.  Empathy: understanding what the child is feeling and by responding with the comfort.  Caregivers should model acceptable behaviour, state clear expectations and give positive feedback to children.

3. Three-Stage Discipline Plan  Stage I: Encourage the right response  See what needs to be done, want the child to make their own decisions  Provide information about the situation  Give friendly reminders  Stage II: Parents must give an order and know what to do if their children do not respond  Give exact instructions  Give child the chance to comply  Recognize compliance  Stage III: For children who choose to defy their parents  Give child a choice between compliance or consequence  Enforce consequences (don’t give in)  Child must experience consequences of their actions and choices

4. Social and Cultural Aspects of Socialization  In the past, children worked for low wages  Today, child labour is illegal  The roles of male and female, in addition, also changed. i.e. fathers are more involved and new moms can choose to work.  Children imitate the behaviour they see in society  In Canada, many different cultures = many different expectations  Social and cultural aspects in societies change over time  Something not acceptable in the past may be acceptable today

5. Child Abuse and Neglect  Child abuse: non-accidental physical injuries, emotional abuse, sexual molestation, and/or incest inflicted on a child by a parent or adult.  Neglect: a form of child abuse in which children do not receive the necessities of life (food, water, shelter, hygiene, a safe environment, supervision, love and affection).  Examples:  It is neglect if you do not provide food (malnutrition)  It is abuse if you repeatedly and intentionally inflict pain and injuries  Spousal assault (or family violence) also affects the children  It is abuse if you fail to supervise children in a manner consistent with their development