Unifying Principles Principle 1: Heat energy inside Earth and radiation from the Sun provide energy for Earth’s processes Principle 2: Physical forces, such as gravity, affect the movement of all matter on Earth and throughout the universe Principle 3: Matter and energy move among Earth’s rocks and soil, atmosphere, waters, and living things Principle 4: Earth has changed over time and continues to change

Unit 2: Earth’s Surface Chapter 5: Views of Earth Today Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 7: Erosion and Depositio

Chapter 5: Views of Earth today Modern technology has changed the way we view and map Earth 5.1: Maps and globes are models of Earth 5.2: Topographic maps show the shape of the land 5.3: Technology is used to map Earth

Warm-up Questions (T/F) 1.Topographic maps show elevation but not relief 2.Closely spaced contour lines indicate gradual slopes 3.Mountaintops are enclosed by circles on topographic maps

Warm-up Questions (T/F) 1.Topographic maps show elevation but not relief Topographic maps show elevation, relief, and slope 2.Closely spaced contour lines indicate gradual slopes Closely spaced contour lines indicate steep slopes 3.Mountaintops are enclosed by circles on topographic maps True

5.3: Technology is used to map Earth Before, you learned: – Contour lines are used on topographic maps to show elevation, slope, an relief – Contour lines follow certain rules – Map symbols show many natural and human-made features Now, you will learn: – How remote-sensing images can provide detailed and accurate information about Earth – How geographic data can be displayed in layers ot build maps

Remote sensing provides detailed images of Earth Remote sensing – the use of scientific equipment to gather information about something from a distance – From binoculars to camera to satellites – 1840’s: climb a mountain to carefully draw a hill, valley, river, and landform – Today: remote-sensing images from airplanes and satellites can be used to make highly detailed and accurate maps of Earth’s surface

Remote sensing provides detailed images of Earth Airplanes cameras use film to record data Satellites use sensors to build images of Earth – Sensors: a mechanical or electrical tool that receives a signal, such as light, and responds to it – Collect information about the different types of energy coming from Earth’s surface Data is then sent to computers on Earth and is turned into images – Changes to Earth’s surface are studied by using false- color images False-color images: natural colors are replaced with artificial ones to show special features

– Changes to Earth’s surface are studied by using false- color images False-color images: natural colors are replaced with artificial ones to show special features – P. 172 True color vs False Color to show features

Geographic information systems display data in layers What if you want to see information about the surface (buildings, streets, parks, etc.), AND tunnels? And population…And…. Geographic information systems (GIS): computer system that can store and arrange geographic data and show the data in many different types of maps – Ex: to build a new airport, need information on… Population, major highways, available & flat land… GIS uses all data to produce a map showing the best sites for the airport

P.172

GIS - converted into a map Ex: Mammoth Mountain began giving off carbon dioxide, or CO2 – As the gas rose through the soil, it began killing the roots of trees nearby – Scientists measured the flow of CO2 around Horseshoe Lake and other areas – They used computer software to build the maps shown below