World War I At Home & Abroad

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Presentation transcript:

World War I At Home & Abroad

The Allies/Triple Entente Main Alliances The Allies/Triple Entente The Central Powers France Great Britain Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

WWI as the First “Total War” 60 million fought 8.5 million died in battle 21 million wounded 8 million civilians killed

How War in Europe Start?

Web of Alliances: Central Powers formed in 1882 Austro-Hungarian Empire expanded into Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany wanted to expand Franz Ferdinand and wife assassinated in Sarajevo, June 18, 1914

U.S. Neutrality? Wilson’s Anglophilia Economic ties between U.S. and Great Britain U.S. Bank Loans: JP Morgan loaned $500 million to Allies By 1917: $2.3 billion loaned to Allies vs. $27 million loaned to Germany

What Changed U.S. Neutrality? Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats, May 7, 1915

Trench Warfare

Machine Gun Gas Mask German U-boat

U.S. Enters the War “Zimmerman Telegram” from German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to Germany’s Ambassador to Mexico April 2, 1917: Congress voted for war

“Over There,” 1917

Mobilizing at Home, 1917 April 1917: U.S. unprepared with only 120,000 in Army and 80,000 in National Guard May 1917: Selective Service Act for men 21-31, later 18-45, to register for draft Soldiers & Sex Education Segregated military

Organizing the Economy for War War Industries Board mobilized economy Fuel Administration introduced Daylight Savings Food Administration and Herbert Hoover rationed wheat, meat, and sugar

Promoting the War Advertisements & Liberty Loans Committee on Public Information led wartime propaganda Immigrants targeted by CPI

Treaty of Versailles, June 1919 Germany disarmed & stripped of its colonies Forced to admit sole blame for WWI Reparation payment of $5 billion Germany lost 1/10 of its population and 1/8 of its Territory

The Fight Over the League of Nations February 1919, 39 Republican Senators rejected League of Nations Wilson’s speaking tour of 37 speeches in 22 days