Chapter 12, Lesson 1 The Age of Exploration It Matters Because: The demand for goods from Asia as well as advances in technology helped start Europe’s Age of Exploration.

I. Europe Prepares to Explore A. Medieval Europeans returned from Crusades, demanded luxury goods from Asia 1. silk, spices, etc. Silk Road B. Silk Road used to trade goods over land 1. Merchant network transferred goods from E. Asia to Italy 2. Chinese & Indian traders traded to Arabs & Byzantines, who traded to Italians C. Political changes disrupted trade 1. European merchants could increase profit by eliminating the Arabs & Byzantines & by reaching Asia by sea

II. Technology & Exploration A. European explorers used technology shared by Muslim traders astrolabe compass 1. Used astrolabe to determine latitude, compass for direction B. Renaissance geographers mapped the world 1. Discovered work of Greek geographer Ptolemy 2. Printing press led to wide publication of ancient maps C. Used Muslim advancements 1. Maps of Indian Ocean 2. Triangular sails allowed ships to navigate regardless of wind direction

III. Early Voyages A. Portugal was early leader in European exploration Hundred Years’ War 1. France & England warred with one another (Hundred Years’ War) Reconquista 2. Spain warred with Iberian Muslims (Reconquista) Prince Henry “the Navigator” B. Prince Henry “the Navigator” sponsored Portuguese exploration 1. Mapped west coast of Africa 2. Claimed many islands in Atlantic Ocean , Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa, landed in India

IV. Christopher Columbus Columbus A. Columbus wanted to reach Asia sailing across Atlantic Ferdinand & Isabella , Ferdinand & Isabella agreed to support Columbus 2. Spanish monarchs had finally defeated Muslims in Iberia B. Left Spain, August 1492, landed in Bahamas, October 1. Traded with natives; exotic animals, spices, sugar 2. Believed he had landed on Asian coast Amerigo Vespucci C. Amerigo Vespucci believed Columbus had discovered a “new world” 1. New World named “America” in honor of Vespucci

V. Spanish Conquest A. Following Columbus’s success, Spain was eager to return to the New World Conquistadors 1. Columbus returned with warriors called Conquistadors 2. Conquered, enslaved Caribbean natives Treaty of Tordesillas B. In 1494, Spain & Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, dividing S. America

VI. Ferdinand Magellan Magellan A. Spain, still interested in finding western route to Asia, hired Magellan to sail around S. America 1. Traveled east coast of S. America Tierra del Fuego Strait of Magellan 2. Reached Tierra del Fuego, narrow water passage between S. America & Antarctica (now known as Strait of Magellan) Pacific Ocean 3. Named Pacific Ocean because it was so peaceful B. Voyage across Pacific became difficult 1. Water, food ran out 2. Magellan killed in battle in the Philippines circumnavigating 3. His crew finished voyage, circumnavigating earth

VI. Early French & English Explorers A. 1497, John Cabot sailed to Canada for England B. 1524, France sent Giovanni de Verrazano to find northern route to Asia 1. Mapped most of N. American coast, did not reach Asia Jacques Cartier Montreal C. 1534, Jacques Cartier sailed St. Lawrence river to Montreal 1. Claimed much of E. Canada for France