1 Week 6 Software Engineering Fall Term 2015 Marymount University School of Business Administration Professor Suydam

2 Quiz 2 Review Mini-Project 2 Planning Chapter 7 Design: Architecture & Methodology

3 Essentials of Software Engineering Chapters 4-6 UML Distilled Chapter 9

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13 Suggestion: Use Quicktime video player VTC Preparation for Week 6

14 CS3/MP3 Preparation

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16 Search: Gane-Sarson Frame Title Blocks

17 Crow’s Foot Database Notation

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19 1. Explain the role of requirements in architectural design. Explain the role of requirements in detail design. Ans: The role of requirements in architectural design can be described as: a transformational step where the requirements are the input and become the reasons for how the software is to be structured; the requirements influence the architecture choice for the system and/or the high level requirements posed as software elements require interaction, which is defined in the architectural design of the system. The role of requirements in detail design is more direct than in architectural design. There is a one-to-one mapping between each functional requirement and a module in detail design. Page: What does aggregation mean in OO? Give an example. Ans: Aggregation is a “part-of” association. For example, student is a part of a class. Page: When we employ the technique of generalization in design, what are we doing, and which part of OO design is closely related to this concept? Ans: Generalization is an abstraction where we keep only the essentials and suppress the details. In OO, in moving from specific objects to a general class definition is an example of generalization. Page: 150

20 4. List two differences between the state transition diagram and the sequence diagram. Ans: State diagram shows the states of the objects and how those states change. Sequence diagram only shows the message interactions among the objects. Page: and Appendix C page Mention and describe three different views used in architectural design. Ans: Architectural design is a high level view of the system. It can be described with: logical view : represents the decomposition of a system and how those parts work with each other physical architectural view: represents the mapping of the software to the hardware process view: represents the run-time “processes” and flow of the system. Page: What is the difference between data modeling and logical data base design? Ans: In data modeling we are constructing and showing the Entity-Relationship among the objects. In logical data base design, the E-R diagram is converted to the sets of tables and relationships among the tables. Page:

21 7. Describe the difference between low fidelity and high fidelity prototyping in the design of the interface. Choose one and give the reasons why you would show the client this prototype. Ans: Low fidelity prototypes are quick hand drawn screens using markers, post-it notes, post cards, and/or cut out images to represent the screens of the system. They can be simple mockup sketch of the target product, as seen in page 153, Figure High fidelity prototypes are screens created using a tool to design the screens. These screens look and mimic the behavior of the future screens of the system. An example of a tool is visual basic with the use of hide and show. High fidelity prototyping is the activity of creating detailed mockup screens resembling and behaving close to the final product. Choice: Low fidelity prototyping activity is used during early stages of the system development to validate with the client/user the correctness of understanding of the system. Low fidelity prototypes can be drawn quickly to present and obtain approval from the client or user of the system. Choice: High fidelity prototype would be shown to the client/user of the system during the detail designing activity. The high fidelity prototype would show the look and feel of the proposed interface and the functional behavior of the system to the client/user at a time where changes can be incorporated. Page:

22 8. Explain the three columns in Figure 7.26 called User, Screen Output and Process with regard to design. Ans: First column – User: This column shows the user’s interaction with the system The user “aStudent” sees the system’s display “Registration” and using the drop box “All Courses” object, they select a course and click the button “Add Course”. The last interaction is the response from the system with the new screen “Registration” with a course added “SWE 2313 Intro to Software Engineering”. Second column – Screen Output: This column shows the two screens displayed by the system in this interaction. The second screen is the reaction to the user’s usage of the drop box (a scrollable list of the available courses with the user selecting in this case “SWE 2313 Intro to Software Engineering”). The screen shows the course selected with new functions: Delete course, Add another course, and Confirm Schedule. Third column – Process: The inner system process is shown as a sequence diagram. The user’s input would trigger the RegistrationGUI object to pass the registration information to the aSection object. This aSection object needs to check if the student has the prerequisites for the course. If the boolean returned is True then the message Add(aStudent) is sent to students object. Note: another sequence diagram would represent Boolean = False. Page: 156

23 9. Choose one of the cognitive models and explain how the model impacts the design of the user interface. Ans: Norman’s cognitive model impacts the design of the user interface to be more “intuitive”. The user has a mental model of the task. This mental model is the user’s common thought process (cognition-thinking). Design of an interface that looks and gives feedback resembling the common thought process of the user is an “intuitive” user interface. GOMS model promotes consideration of many basic Operators and Methods to achieve the user’s goals in the design of the user interface. Page: Visit a web site that is from a different country or culture. Give an example of a multicultural issue you found in the site. Explain how you would propose to redesign to take into consideration the issue found. Ans: Variety of web sites with URL that may be different from the common practices (.com.org.edu). The multicultural issues will include localized versions of language, colors, icons, and expression. Page: 157