DO NOW!!!! What would it be like to live in a country where you were under constant surveillance? What would it by like for people that belong to a minority group or do not support the majority opinion?

Military Regimes (Europe and Japan) Chapter 23 Section 1

Militarism increases in Italy, Germany, Spain, the Soviet Union, and Japan What are these countries preparing themselves for? What are these countries preparing themselves for? Totalitarian State—the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private life Typical characteristics—one political party, government propaganda to control people, mass surveillance, control of media, use of terror tactics Typical characteristics—one political party, government propaganda to control people, mass surveillance, control of media, use of terror tactics What would it be like to live in such a country?

Overwhelming problems led some nations to turn to a new form of government called totalitarianism.

Italy (Benito Mussolini) Fascist Party (Blackshirts)—founded by Mussolini in 1921 Sought to destroy the communist party in Italy Sought to destroy the communist party in Italy Wanted a military dominated society Wanted a military dominated society Mussolini takes Rome in 1922—he is appointed Prime Minister and granted dictatorial powers Freedom of speech is limited, political rivals imprisoned, voting rights restricted Freedom of speech is limited, political rivals imprisoned, voting rights restricted Wants to make Italy an imperial power—takes Ethiopia Wants to make Italy an imperial power—takes Ethiopia

The Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin) The Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin) Lenin dies in 1924—Stalin takes over in the vicious Soviet political system—assassinated political rivals (underhanded tactics) Seizes private farms creating large state run farms Those who refused were sent to labor camps Those who refused were sent to labor camps This results in decreased food production—Why? This results in decreased food production—Why? What is motivating these farmers to work? RED ARMY—used by Stalin to crush all enemies

Germany (Adolph Hitler) National Socialist party or NAZI party Win almost 40 % of vote in 1932 Win almost 40 % of vote in 1932 Blame Jews, communists, and intellectuals for Germany’s decline Blame Jews, communists, and intellectuals for Germany’s decline Why was the party’s philosophy so popular at the time? Third Reich (3rd empire)—refers to Hitler’s government Characteristics—mandatory military service, Jews & non-Nazi’s could not hold office, strikes are outlawed Characteristics—mandatory military service, Jews & non-Nazi’s could not hold office, strikes are outlawed Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and re-arms Germany Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and re-arms Germany This boosts industry and creates jobs Nazi Storm troopers—brownshirts

Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, was appointed chancellor. In Germany, the Weimar Republic struggled with overwhelming economic and social problems. Hitler seized power and created a totalitarian state. Hitler making a speech

Discussion Questions Describe life in a Totalitarian state. List some similarities and differences between Italy, The Soviet Union, and Germany during WWII

Totalitarian leaders promised to bring jobs, food, and prosperity. They promised to make their countries great again. In reality, however, the brutal tactics used by totalitarian leaders resulted in the deaths of millions of people.

Anti-Semitism Hatred of Jews—becomes official government policy Nuremberg laws deprive Jews of citizenship, authorize destruction of property Nuremberg laws deprive Jews of citizenship, authorize destruction of property Wealthy or famous Jews (artists, scientists, etc.) sometimes able to flee the country Wealthy or famous Jews (artists, scientists, etc.) sometimes able to flee the country

Japan (Emperor Hirohito) Emperor (Hideki Tojo) Prime Minister Hirohito in power Tojo in control (later convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death) Threatens Asia while Germany threatens Europe Wanted to rely less on foreign imports—(largely oil) Reduce western influenced in Asia and promote Japanese influence Japan occupies Northern China in 1937 Both the United States and League of Nations condemn these actions but fail to act Both the United States and League of Nations condemn these actions but fail to act Why do the United States and League of Nations allow Japan to begin to take over China?

Japan at the time… Ninth largest economy in the world behind Italy Third largest navy behind USA and Great Britain

These leaders attempted to solve their country’s economic problems through aggressive military conquests. Japan did not become a totalitarian dictatorship, but it did come under the influence of strong military leaders.

Japanese Expansion, Japan invaded Manchuria, then China. The attack on Nanjing was especially brutal.

Acts of Aggression in Europe and Asia Germany rebuilt military reclaimed Saar region from France invaded the Rhineland Anschluss(annexing Austria) invaded the Sudetenland Italy invaded Ethiopia Spain Fascists rebelled against the government Spanish Civil War Japan conquered Manchuria and parts of China

The appeasement of Hitler continued with the Munich Pact. Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland to Germany in return for peace. But peace was not to come. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Hitler in Munich