Paperwork Stuff Clinic – anyone who has yet to make up the last test! Warm-Up Think about where your ancestors came from. Make a list on the board. Is there a pattern?

Where did your ancestors come from? EuropeNorth America South America AsiaAfricaAustralia Do you see a pattern? %? Why do you think this is?

CHAPTER 4 Hope & Hardhship

A person who enters another country in order to settle there. A person who leaves a country in order to settle in a another one.

Push Factors (Reasons why people left there homes) _____________________________________________________ (fill in the above continent) (Fill in the above continent) Pull Factors (Reasons that attract immigrants to a new country) Why did Immigrants come to the U.S.? Lack of _________ lost to machines Persecution Revolution / / Hard times Political Religious Freedom Life (easier) was there

Why did Immigrants come to America? Typical Occupations in America Italians Cholera epidemic in 1880’s Land shortage for peasants; landlords charge high rent Food shortages Poverty, unemployment Italians Unskilled labor – dock work, construction, railroads Some skilled labor, such as bricklayers, stonemasons, and other trades East Europeans Russians, Poles; land shortages for peasants, unemployment, high taxes; long military draft. Jews: discrimination, poverty, and recurring pogroms. East Europeans Poles: farmers, coal miners, steel and textile millworkers; meatpacking Jews: laborers, garment workers, merchants. Chinese Famine Land shortage for peasants civil war (Taiping rebellion) Chinese Railroad and construction workers; some skilled labor Merchants, small businesses

Difficult Journey -slept and ate on the bottom level of the ship. Fed lukewarm soup, boiled potatoes, and stringy beef. The beds (berths) were narrow and sometimes stacked three high. 2,000 people in this area On the return trip filled the same spaces! In such close quarters. Roughly $700 today

Ship companies limited how much luggage immigrants could bring. The amount they could bring depended upon the type of fare they paid. Some people just had bundles tied together, others took cardboard boxes, trunks, suitcases, baskets and leather sacks. Difficult Journey Sometimes a family would come all at once but many times they would come separately. The oldest child and father might immigrate to the new country while the mother and other children would stay behind. After the father and oldest child had worked and earned money for the passage of the others, they would send for them.

If the weather was good, people would try and stay on the deck. The children would play games such as marbles and dominoes. They also spent time with people from many different places and learned words from other languages. Mothers would wash their children's hair on the deck. Other people would do chores on the ship with the sailors. Difficult Journey

Immigrants faced many difficulties on the journey to the United States. Dangerous weather Disease / Death Once here though – they still had to pass a physical exam and a citizen ship test. Arrival

EAST COAST ELLIS ISLAND Most European Immigrants entered here. New York Harbor – Liberty Island and Ellis Island 1892 – Ellis Island Opened, Closed in – opened as a Museum 2% denied

West Coast ANGEL ISLAND Most Asian Immigrants entered here. San Francisco Bay Used After 1910

Who OldNewToday When Settled on the FrontierFrontier Closed – Settled in/near cities From Where Northern & Western Europeans English, Irish, German, Scandinavian Southern & Eastern Europeans Italians, Polish, Greeks, Russians, Hungarians Asians Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Filipino Americans Mexico, Caribbean Asians Chinese, Indian, Filipino Language Religion Some spoke English Mostly Protestant, some Catholics Few spoke English Catholic, Jewish, Eastern Orthodox, Buddhist, Daoist Most speak English Catholic & Protestant HowEllis IslandEllis & Angel IslandCustoms at Airports

2 Activities to complete Graphing – Old and New Immigrants Mapping – Old and New Immigrants