Human Rights in an Imperfect World  Understand how the international community addresses human rights violations, especially in the case of women’s rights.

Figure 9.1: Urban Poor by Region

What Are Human Rights?  What is meant by the term human rights?  Understand the origins of these rights and the international conventions that support their existence.

The Origin of Human Rights  The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Global Justice  Justice as Equal Shares  Justice as Due Process

Justice as Fairness  Rise of Concern for Fairness

Figure 9.2: Selected Universal Human Rights as Set Forth in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

International Conventions on Human Rights  The UN Bill of Rights  Group Rights  Humanitarian Law  Process of Adoption of a Convention  Sovereignty Versus Global Rules

Figure 9.3: Principal Human Rights Conventions

Why Are Women’s Rights Human Rights?  Understand why women’s rights should be given special standing in the study of world politics.  A History of Low Political, Economic, and Social Status  The Rise of the Women’s Movement  Women’s Rights Today  Women’s Rights as Human Rights

How Do Feminist Theories of International Relations Address Human Rights?  Identify the different types of feminist theories and how they approach the topic of human rights.

Five Feminist International Relations Theories  Radical feminism  Socialist feminism  Liberal feminism  Postcolonial feminism  Postmodern feminism

Feminist Explanations of Gender Bias in International Relations  International Security  International Economics  Environmental Security