Daily Goal: We be able to diagram the structure of the Earth and list each part’s signature characteristics. Homework: Gist, start science fair presentation board Science Starter: 1.What do you think the Earth is made of? Explain. 2.Is the Earth a solid, a liquid or a gas? Explain. November 26Q2 - pg.
What do all of these pictures have in common?
HVE
Objective: You will be able to identify the layers of the earth and describe the characteristics of each.
The earth has 4 layers: ***WRITE THIS DOWN*** The earth has 4 layers: The Crust The Mantle The Outer Core The Inner Core
***DRAW THIS***
Let's investigate! **Remember to take notes!
All this learning is making me hungry! How is a egg like the Earth?
**COPY THIS CHART IN YOUR NOTEBOOK** Layer of the Earth Composed of: Temp. Solid, Liquid, Gas Fact Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust
Let's delve into the details. **But first, make sure you have the chart in your notebook!
***WRITE THIS DOWN*** The earth is made mostly of rock. Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered by a thin layer of water. The entire planet is surrounded by a thin layer of gas we call the atmosphere.
Can we dig a hole to China?
You will: Construct a model of the earth Fill out facts about each layer Answer analysis questions Then you can tell me, Can we dig to China? Why or why not?
Earth Stats The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x kg. Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System (mass/volume). Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the ability to flow.
The Composition of the Earth
Crust Thinnest layer (5-100 km) Two types of crust Continental Like granite Average 30 km Oceanic Like basalt (Basalt is denser than granite!) Average 5-8 km
Crust Oceanic Continental - all the ocean floors - All continents and some islands
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY*** Earth’s Crust - the thinnest layer of Earth (5-100 km), made of two parts: –the continental crust: about 30 km wide, made of rocks and minerals – and the oceanic crust: about 5 to 10 km. wide, made of the liquids Remember to take notes on your Earth Diagram, too!
The Composition of the Earth Mantle Extremely Thick! (2,900 km) It is too far down to drill How do we know what it is made of? Scientists infer based on: Pushed up rock Ocean floor/molten rock What is it like? Like the mineral olivine Large amounts of iron and magnesium
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY*** Earth’s Mantle - the thickest layer of Earth (2,900 km 0r 1,700 miles!), made of hot rock. –The top of the mantle is less dense. It is hard and rigid. –The lower part of the mantle is more dense, the rock is hot and soft. It moves like a paste.
The Composition of the Earth Core Pretty darn big. (6,856 km) (Slightly bigger than Mars!) 33% mass of the Earth Scientists think…. Made mostly of iron Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen What is the evidence? The particular way seismic waves travel Earth’s Magnetic field N S
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY*** Inner Core – a ball of hot, solid, metals that makes up the center of the Earth; the densest layer of Earth –The atoms in Earth’s core are under so much pressure, and they are pushed so closely together that they make a solid even though they are very hot!
***WRITE THIS IN YOUR GLOSSARY*** Outer Core- a layer of liquid metal that surrounds the inner core. – The outer core is under a little bit less pressure than the inner core, and it is also very hot. So the metal is a liquid.
The Structure of the Earth Inner Core Solid Outer Core Liquid Mesosphere Solid Asthenosphere Viscous Liquid Lithosphere Solid
Asthenosphere = ‘weak sphere’ Lower part of Mantle Lithosphere = ‘rock sphere’ Crust and upper rigid part of Mantle
How HOT is it? Surface of Sun! 5,500°C Sun Core 15,000,000°C
Convection Convection (heat) currents –carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the cooler outer mantle. The mantle gets warmer with depth top of the mantle is ~ 1,600° F (870° C) bottom of the mantle is ~4,000-6,700° F (2,200-3,700° C) The mantle contains most of the mass of the Earth