虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood

Unreal conditionals: Other cases

混合条件句指主、从句的动作发生时间不一致 的情况。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. 1 Mixed conditionals 混合条件句

2 Implied conditionals 含蓄虚拟条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由 if 引导的条件句， 而条件句的意思是用其他方式来表达。 a. Without your help ， we couldn‘t have finished the work on time. b. But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last night. c. With more time, I could have done it better. d. We didn‘t know his telephone number ； otherwise we would have telephoned him. ______ _____ ___ _______

but for: 要不是, 倘没有 1 要不是你的忠告，我会失败的。 2 要不是音乐，人生会很无聊。 3 倘非你留的条子我就忘记关门了。 4 若没有安全带，我就不能活到今天。 But for your advice, I should have failed. But for music, life would be dull. But for the note you left, I would have forgotten to close the door. But for the safety-belt I wouldn't be alive today.

3 Unreal situations 假设的情况 as if, as though, even if, if only He talked as if he had known Tom for a long time. He talks as if he were the boss. He acts as if he ______(be) an expert. He speaks as if he ____________(be) there. He ate so much as if he __________(not have) a meal for days. were had been hadn’t had

You look as if you were ill. It looked as if it had been pressed by something heavy. It seems as if it was (were) spring already. She felt as if she were going to die.

If only I could learn English well in one day. If only I had not been late for the interview. If only he would reply to my letter. 现在：动词用过去式 过去：动词用过去完成时 将来：动词用 would/could+ 动词原形 If only( 要是 … 就好了）的用法： 现在 过去 将来

在带有 even if /even though 引导的让步状语从句 的主从复合句 Even if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing. Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 结论：主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形 式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。

4 虚拟语气在宾语 从句 中的用法 A 在动词 wish, would rather 后面的宾语从句 中，一般用 虚拟语气。 1) I wish he were with us. 2) I wish I knew the answer. 3) I wish I had known the answer. 4) I would rather you paid the money yourself. 5) We would rather you told us the truth tomorrow. 6) I would rather you had gone there too.

B 在动词 suggest, propose, insist, order, command, demand, request, desire 等后面的宾语从句中 1) We suggested that he (should) start at once. 2) I propose that we (should) fix a time for the meeting. 3) He insisted that the boy (should) stop doing so. 4) The general ordered that women and children (should) be taken good care of. 5) They requested that we send a delegation to their country. 6) The old woman demanded the young man say sorry to her.

5. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 A. it is suggested, it is proposed, it is desired, it is requested, it is demanded, it was ordered, it was arranged, it has been decided, 等结构 后的主语从句中 It is requested that Miss Li give a performance at the party. It is desired that we get everything ready by tonight. It was arranged that they leave the following week. It has been decided that the meeting be put off till next Saturday.

B. it is necessary, it is important, it is strange, it is essential, it is natural It is necessary that he be sent there at once. It is important that we unite with all that can be united in the struggle. It is essential that you be here on time. It is strange that he _____________(make) such a mistake. That’s unexpected. (should) make

6 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 1 The suggestion that the plan ( should ) be delayed 延迟 will be discussed tomorrow. 2 The general sent the order that the battle （ should ） be held on until the complete failure of the enemy. 与 suggest ， order ， demand ， propose ， command ， request ， desire ， insist 等动词 相对应的名词 suggestion ， order ， demand ， proposal 等后的同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 3 What do you think about her suggestion that we (should) go outing this weekend? 4 The government has turned down the proposal that soldiers (should) be sent to that country.

My proposal is that we （ should ） set a deadline for handing in the plan. My demand is that you get up at six. 与 suggest ， order ， demand ， propose ， command ， request ， desire ， insist 等动词 相对应的名词 suggestion ， order ， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 7 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法 What the customers ______ from the company is that the goods ______ right to their homes. A.requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C.request, should deliver D. demand, delivered B

8 虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法 It is (about/high)time + 过去式 /should+ 动词原形 It is time that we went /should go home. 我们该回家了。 It is high time that you went/should go to bed. 你早该睡觉 了。

A 在 in order that 或 so that 引导的目的状语从句 中谓语动词多用 could/might/should+ 动词原形 9 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法 Mr. Green spoke slowly so that these students could/might hear clearly.

She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that /lest he should be caught in the rain. Remind me of it in case I should forget. B 在 in case, for fear (that), lest 以免，万一等 引导的从句中，谓语动词用 should+ 动词原形

1 otherwise, or; with, without, but for 短语 2 even if/though, as if/though, if only in order that, so that; in case, for fear (that), lest 状语从句 3 wish, would rather; suggest… 宾语从句 4 It is suggested that… It is necessary that… 主语从句 5 suggestion, order, demand… 同位语从句 6 suggestion, order, demand… 表语从句 7 It is time that … 定语从句 Conclusion The Subjunctive mood

Fill in the blankets with verbs in the subjunctive mood: 1.She isn’t here. If she__________(be) here, she________ (tell) us what to do. 2.If I__________(be) a bird I__________(fly) across the Pacific Ocean. 3.Too bad we have no ladder. If we__________(have) one, we_________(be able to) get over the wall. 4.The manager _________(be) in his office now. If he _________(be) here, everything_________(be) settled in a minute. 5. He’s been away since last Sunday. If he ______(be) here yesterday, he__________(attend) the concert. 6. I couldn’t keep awake after twelve. If I_________(work) all night, I__________(finish) it in time.

7.We didn’t know her address. If we__________(know) it, we__________(send) a note to her. 8.You’re late. If you__________(come) a few minutes earlier, you________(meet) the famous woman. 9. He was careless. If he__________(put) the gold watch in a safe place, he __________(not lose) it. 10. They’re old now, but they act as if they__________ (be) still thirty. 11. I wish the air__________(be) not so polluted around here. 12. The doctor suggested he__________(lead) a more active life------exercise more, and not sit at his desk all day.

13. If you __________(listen) to the teacher, _______(take) notes carefully and_________(review) your lessons in time after class, your study would have improved a lot. 14. If you should miss the last bus, you__________(leave) tomorrow. 15. It is important that the patient__________(take) special care of. 16. Without air there__________(be) no life on the earth. 17. What__________you__________(do) if you were in my position? 18.We insisted that the wounded worker________(send) to hospital at once. 19. I wish I__________(go) to the movie with you last night. 20. It is high time we__________(solve) this problem.