Progressivism Review Created By: Michael Crews

Theodore Roosevelt Panama Canal – needed to ferry merchants and military through Central America instead of around South America – U.S. acquired land from Columbia through revolt and money – Created the country of Panama and then built canal Roosevelt Corollary – Only the U.S. would/could intervene in affairs of Latin America – Collect debts owed to other nations (including Europeans) – Maintain the peace Great White Fleet – 16 brand new battleships sent on a global “goodwill” mission – Really served to show the military might of the U.S. Trust-busting – Roosevelt used Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up monopolies – Roosevelt took the matter to Supreme Court in 1902 and won

Muckrakers Muckrakers – journalists who investigated and wrote articles to expose injustice, corruption, and spark social change – Helped influence the creation of legislature – Important writings and authors: Wealth Against Commonwealth- Henry Demarest Lloyd = investigated monopolies like Standard Oil Company History of Standard Oil Company- Ida Tarbell = also targeted Standard Oil How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis = used photography to illustrate living conditions of urban poor The Shame of the Cities- Lincoln Steffens = municipal corruption The Jungle- Upton Sinclair = described unsanitary conditions of meat packing plants

Regulatory Legislation Elkins Act (1903)- instituted penalties for giving and receiving railroad rebates Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act (1906) – gave Interstate Commerce Commission power to control railroad rates, inspect books, assign a uniform standard of bookkeeping Meat Inspection Act (1906) - required federal inspectors to examine meat Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – allowed federal government to regulate the sale of medicine and food

Progressivism on the State Level Direct Primary – to elect nominees for office instead of political machines Legislative Initiative – allowed the electorate to vote directly on specific legislation Referendum – allowed electorate to vote to accept or reject government legislation Recall – allowed electorate to vote out officials in special elections Robert La Follette – Worker’s Comp., Environmental Conservation, Higher taxes on railroads and corporations, First Modern State Income Tax

Taft and Wilson Taft = Dollar Diplomacy, More Trust-Busting – Believed smaller, developing nations would support the U.S. if we gave them $ – Did not work – Broke up Standard Oil and went after U.S. Steel Wilson = Pro State’s Rights and Economic Reform – Compromised New Nationalism and New Freedom Plans New Nationalism = Greater regulation of business, graduated income tax, tariff reform, strong central government New Freedom = Support small business, limited federal government, state’s rights

Economic and Business Changes Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913) – lowered protective tariffs Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act (1913) – established a system of 12 regional Federal Reserve banks. Each bank came under the supervision of the Federal Reserve Board. Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) – outlawed unfair business practices Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) – created a regulatory board (Federal Trade Commission) to prosecute businesses engaged in illegal practices