APLES Final Presentation April 23, 2009

The Team Blake Remy Team Leader Electrical Engineering -Power Control -RF Transmission -Circuit Design Joel Russell Computer Engineering -Microprocessor Programming -RF Transmission -Switching -Circuit Design Dale Alexander Electrical Engineering -Switching -Circuit Design -RF Transmission Matt Hodges Electrical Engineering -Power Control -Switching -Circuit Design -Microprocessor Programming

Overview Introduction –Problem –Solution Constraints –Technical –Practical Design Approach Testing Video References Questions

Problem A majority of the energy consumed in lighting company parking lots is often wasted because there is no one in the lot to take advantage of the light being produced.

Solution A lighting system that is only used when light is needed by an employee.

Technical Constraints NameDescription RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Multiple user recognition. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit PowerThe pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Practical Constraints Sustainability –Control Unit Durability –Hand-held Unit Durability Manufacturability –Control Unit Size –Hand-held Unit Size

Design Approach Key Fob - Transmitter Pole Unit

SD2 Implementations Sleep mode Key Fob tags Packetizing Percent difference for multiple users

SD2 Implementations - Packetizing 0x0212 = 530 = 2.72V 0x01F0 = 496 = 1.5V 0x0171 = 369 = 1.4 V

Testing – Ranges

Technical Constraints NameDescriptionComplete RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Multiple user recognition. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit Power The pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Testing – User Recognition APLES has the ability to recognize when a user is in the parking lot based on the RSSI measurement. When the transmitter from the Key Fob is powered off the measurement on the RSSI line of the receiver reads under 1.0V. This is the threshold value used as by APLES to determine if there are no users in the parking lot. Therefore, in order to simulate no user in the parking lot the Key Fob simply has to be turned off.

Technical Constraints NameDescriptionComplete RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Multiple user recognition. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit Power The pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Testing – Battery Life Battery Lifetime Calculation: Current Draw of Key Fob = mA Battery Rating = 1000 mAH Hours of use = 1000mAH / 13.55mA = 73.8 Hours 73.8 Hours = 4428 Minutes Assuming 15 minutes of use per day Days of use = 4428 min / 15 min = Days Days > 9 Months

Technical Constraints NameDescriptionComplete RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Multiple user recognition. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit Power The pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Testing – Transitioning Dim State Bright State

Testing – Transitioning Bright = 74 LuxDim = 55 Lux

Technical Constraints NameDescriptionComplete RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Multiple user recognition. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit Power The pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Testing – Pole Unit Power AC/DC Converter Values 5V Rail Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit 35.02

Technical Constraints NameDescriptionComplete RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit Power The pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Testing – Light Type

Technical Constraints NameDescriptionComplete RangesHand-held unit transmission range must be at least 200 ft. Minimum receive and transmit ranges for pole units must be 150 ft. User Recognition APLES must dim itself after there are no more users in range. Multiple user recognition. Battery LifeThe battery life for the APLES hand-held must last at least 4 months. TransitioningAPLES must have two lighting levels: bright and dim. Pole Unit Power The pole unit must operate from 120 V source. Light TypeHigh Intensity Discharge (HID)

Testing – TRIAC Circuit Zero Crossing Waveforms Dim State with VAC Reference Bright State with VAC Reference

Testing – TRIAC Circuit TRIAC/Driver Waveforms Bright State with VAC Reference Dim State with VAC Reference

Testing – Power Reduction Current measurements performed with flux meter on input of Control Unit Current Draw for Bright StateCurrent Draw for Dim State

Testing – Power Reduction Input Voltage for Bright and Dim states measured was 120V Using P=VI the following values were found for each state Bright: P = (120 V)(4.12 A) = W Dim: P = (120 V)(3.88 A) = W This results in a 6.2% reduction in power consumption

Packaging

Bill of Materials Control Unit PartCost XBEE Transceiver$19.00 ROHM AC/DC Converter$ μF Capacitor$ Pin Socket (x2)$ Pin Socket$3.63 Antenna$6.44 PIC18F242$8.48 Terminal Block (x2)$7.52 Power Outlet$0.95 Receiver$17.12 Plastic Enclosure$3.69 PCB$30.00 TRIAC$1.84 Zero-Crossing Chip$0.57 Inductor$2.63 Rectifier$0.30 TRIAC Driver$0.58 Miscellaneous$5.00 Total$ Key Fob PartCost Batter$4.89 Battery Clip$2.05 Transmitter$13.84 PCB$30.00 PIC18F242$8.48 Miscellaneous$5.00 Total$64.26

System Cost Based on an average of 50 light poles and 250 employees: CU = $ Key Fob = $25.00 Total Cost: 21,250.00

Video

References [1] “Question,” September 23, [Online.] Available:

Questions [1]