Unit 4

Objectives In this unit students are required to : 1.master the Main language structures 2.practice listening comprehension 3.learn dialogues 4.do some preparation activities such as discussion,group work, pair work to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills 5.grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary 6.read the in-class reading passages in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passages to improve their reading comprehension 7.do some post-reading exercises in the Workbook to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their four basic skills

Teaching Tasks and Process Language Structures Dialogue I 1. Background Information 2. Warm-up Questions 3. Main Idea 4. Language Points Reading I 1. Background Information 2. Warm-up Questions 3. Main Idea 4. Language Points Reading II 1. Warm-up questions 2. Structure Analysis Exercises / Discussion Assignments

Language Structures Modal auxiliaries would +perfect infinitive used to express “unfulfilled wish” should/ought to +perfect infinitive used to express “unfulfilled obligation needn’t +perfect infinitive expressing “unnecessary past actions” may/might +perfect infinitive used to express “speculations about past actions” can/could not +perfect infinitive used to express “negative deduction about past actions” must +perfect infinitive used to express “affirmative deduction about past actions” may/might as well used with the second person pronoun expressing “suggestions”

Dialogue I Pollution Control

Background Information

Warm-up Questions Why is London no longer a city full of fog? How is the pollution problem in China? What problem does the car bring? In your opinion, what kind of pollution is the most serious in China at present?

Main Idea In this conversation, A and B express their worry about the fact that the environment is being polluted and destroyed in various ways. They suggest that urgent actions be taken to control the environmental pollution.

Language Points I wish we could do away with air pollution and dust here. do away with: get rid of,eliminate. e.g. Slavery and racial segregation were among the first institutions to do away with. It is claimed that the custom of polygamy should be done away with as soon as possible. The old machinery doesn’t work well; we’ll have to do away with it.

It’s been tormenting us for years. torment: n. great physical pain or mental anguish; v. bother, torture e.g. Mosquitoes and flies can be great torments, especially on the long hot summer night. It is definitely insensible to torment yourself with suspicion and jealousy. be tormented with / by torment sb. / oneself with be in torment suffer torment from

Perhaps it’s difficult to bring pollution completely under control all at once. bring …under control : e.g. The prisoners began to break the windows, but the police soon brought the situation under control. The new teacher brought his class under control with his sense of humor, magnetic personality and great tolerance.

Reading I

Background Information The Kyoto Protocol In order to protect the earth against the greenhouse effect in the 21st century, representatives from 149 countries and districts had the third conference of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Kyoto in December the conference resulted in the Kyoto Protocol, which was aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions and required that the 36 industrial countries reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emission between 2008 and 2012 to that of 1990 and even less.

Warm-up Questions Name several pollutants. Who causes pollution? Why is pollution one of the most serious problems that man faces these days? Why is the pollution problem complicated? How can pollution be gradually reduced? When did man begin to pollute his surroundings? Why has pollution become a more and more serious problem? In what way do you think pollution can be reduced?

Main Idea This article is concerned with environmental pollution, one of the most serious problems that mankind faces today. It begins with a brief introduction to the various aspects man has polluted the earth, and moves on to discuss the seriousness and complicatedness of the problem and suggestions to solve the problem. Lastly it reviews environmental pollution in the human history, to reinforce the warning to the reader that how pressing the problem is.

Language Points … people ruin natural beauty by scattering junk … scatter: v. to distribute loosely by or as if by sprinkling e.g. to scatter gravel on an icy road The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens

… exhaust from automobiles … exhaust: v. to use up; n. steam that has done its work e.g. Climbing will exhaust the kids, so let’s think of another plan. He has been exhausted by the hustle and bustle of city life. Too much inhaling of the exhausts from the chemical factories could be deadly.

… factories discharge much of the material that pollutes air and water … discharge: v. give off e.g. Some factories discharge the waste into the sea without any disposal. The River Rhine discharges into the North Sea. discharging: adj. dischargeable: adj.

… become alarmed by the dangers of pollution… alarm: n. a warning of existing or approaching danger ； sudden fear by realizing the danger v. to fill with alarm; frighten e.g. At hearing the gunshots we were all in a state of alarm. We were alarmed by the increasing statistics on juvenile delinquency. Compare: fear, frighten, dread, alarm, horror, terror, panic

Reading II Preserving the Environment in the U.K.

Warm-up Questions In what respects are people affected by technological progress? What is happening in the countryside as far as ecology is concerned? What measures has the UK taken to preserve the environment?

Structure Analysis This article discusses the severity of environmental pollution in the U.K. from different aspects, such as the life of city people and that of countryside. It also mentions the countermeasures that the government has taken to preserve the environment and the first effect that these measures have achieved.

Exercises/Discussion Do some post-reading exercises in groups

Assignments Do the guided writing and translation in Workbook from Thank You!