CNR – ISAC Bologna – Italy ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS NCO-P PCO-K The first annual PAPRIKA meeting Bergamo, 13-14 December 2010.

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CNR – ISAC Bologna – Italy ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS NCO-P PCO-K The first annual PAPRIKA meeting Bergamo, December 2010

N 27°57' E 86°48' 5079 m asl NEPAL PAKISTAN

spring fall synoptic scale circulation Pakistan’s Gilgit-Baltistan Region Khumbu Region

Pakistan’s Gilgit-Baltistan Region summer winter Khumbu Region synoptic scale circulation

Large scale circulation [Bonasoni et al., ACPD, 2010] AIR MASS CLUSTERING

NCO-P – PCO-K observations: Aerosol Number Concentration and Size Distribution (from 10nm to 32µm) Absorption coefficient (Black Carbon Concentration) Total and Back Scattering Coefficient Aerosol Optical Depth Surface Ozone Concentrations Meteorological Parameters (Air temperature, Atmospheric pressure, Relative humidity, Wind speed and direction, Precipitation) Greenhouses Gas Concentration (CFC, HFC, HCFC,...; in flask) Chemical Characterization (organic and inorganic) of Aerosol Particles (high volume sampling on quartz filters)

Meteorological characterisation of Baltoro glacier area: Automatic Weather Stations at Askole and Urdukas since 2004 ASKOLE AWS: Lat N 35° 40' 56,8’’ Long E 75° 48' 58,4’ Altitude 3,015 m asl URDUKAS AWS Lat N 35° 43' 40,7" Long E 76° 17' 9,9” Altitude 3,925 m asl

WAPDA STATION CLIMATE OBSERVATORY IN KARAKORUM

NCO-P: meteorological characterisation [Bonasoni et al., ACPD, 2010] The Winter season has been identified when daily RH values never exceed 70% and northerly mountain winds are well established during night-time. We define as Monsoon season, the period characterized by high humidity levels as well as by the presence of southerly wind also during night-time. Deg Days from 1 st March 2006

4 years of black carbon concentration

High values during the dry pre-monsoon seasons related both to natural transport from the stratosphere and pollution/biomass burning inputs It was found that the direct transport of brown cloud influencing the atmospheric composition at NCO-P occurred on 20% of pre-monsoon days. During these hotspots, a strong increase (+18%) in O3 and BC (+522%) mean values was registered in respect to seasonal values (61 ppb, 317 ng m -3 respectively). 4 years of ozone concentration (daily values)

black carbon diurnal variations [Marinoni et al., ACP, 2010] [Bonasoni et al., ACP, 2010]

+ NRT DATA AVAILABILITY

Special Issue Atmospheric Brown Cloud in the Himalayas 9 papers on ACP relative to NCO-P data Scientific results:

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