Early Earth Conditions

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Presentation transcript:

Early Earth Conditions

Origin of Life Beliefs 1. Spontaneous Generation- idea that nonliving material can produce life ex. People believed decaying meat produced maggots ex. Mice suddenly appearing in sacks of grain 1668- Francesco Redi (Italian physician) disproved spon. gen.

Redi’s Spontaneous Generation Experiment

Disproving spontaneous generation Redi disproving spon. Gen. allowed people to believe in biogenesis (idea that living organisms come from other living organisms) SO HOW DID LIFE BEGIN ON EARTH?? TO GET LIFE YOU NEED TO FORM ORGANIC MOLECULES (CONTAIN CARBON)

Early Earth Conditions SO HOT!!! Due to radiation, volcanoes, friction from colliding meteorites All eruptions of volcanoes made all gases present (CO2, N2, H2, CO, methane, and ammonia H2O is present as water vapor b/c it’s so hot!!

Early Earth Conditions About 3.6 byo (billion years ago) earth started to cool and H2O condensed to form liquid H2O *Rock evidence shows 1st life began then Led to millions of years of rainstorms to form the oceans Helps support Miller/Urey experiment

Formation of Organic Molecules 1. Believed early atmosphere contained little free O2 2. Most atmosphere was made of (water vapor, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, methane gas, ammonia, hydrogen gas, and carbon monoxide *1938 Alexander Oparin proposed Primordial Soup Theory (says life began in the oceans)

Primordial Soup Theory Oparin said energy from sun, lightning, & Earth’s heat triggered chem rxns. to produce small organic molecules from substances present in Earth’s atmosphere Then rain washed these molecules into oceans making this primordial soup 1953 Stanley Miller/Harold Urey (American Scientists) wanted to test Oparin’s theory by simulating Earth’s early conditions in the lab

Miller/Urey Experiment 1. Mix water vapor (steam) w/ ammonia, methane gas, and hydrogen gas 2. Send electric current (simulates lighting) through it 3. Cool gases- which produces a liquid that simulates rain 4. Collect liquid in flask 5. Results- found several kinds of amino acids, sugars, & other org. molecules that supported Oparin’s hypothesis

So, how do organic molecules lead to cells?? Evolution of Cells 1st cells- protocells- large structure w/ a membrane that contains the primordial soup & carries out cell division Believed that prokaryotes evolved from protocells *Remember there is no free O2 present yet So, 1st prokaryotes were heterotrophic anaerobes that ate primordial soup

Evolution of Cells So, 1st autotrophic bacteria made food (glucose) by chemosynthesis by releasing energy of inorganic molecules & lived in harsh environments *Similar to present day archaebacteria that live in hot springs 2nd autotrophic bacteria may have been photosynthesizing prokaryotes which released O2 in the atmosphere Lightning striking the O2 would have formed O3 (ozone) and allowed more complex organisms (eukaryotes) to thrive

Endosymbiont Theory *Believed that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes 1960s- Lynn Margulis proposed this theory She said eukaryotes evolved by symbiotic relationships w/ prokaryotes

Evidence to support Margulis’ beliefs Cyanobacteria & chloroplasts (contain DNA & ribosomes) look similar & can both do photosynthesis Some bacteria & mitochondria (contain DNA & ribosomes) look similar

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