BOHR MODELS AND QUIZ RESUME OUT PLEASE! Catalyst – February , 2.010 * 103 BOHR MODELS AND QUIZ RESUME OUT PLEASE! Draw the Bohr model for Aluminum. Draw the Bohr model for Boron. What similarities do these two elements have?

Today’s Agenda Catalyst Periodic Table Basics/Project Talk Electron Configuration! Practice, Practice, Practice! Exit Question

Today’s Objectives SWBAT describe the major regions of the periodic table. SWBAT compare and contrast the Bohr model with the Quantum Model (the modern atom). SWBAT write electron configurations for elements.

Bohr Model Review Who Am I?

Which Atom am I? # of valence electrons? P N Ca

Which Atom am I? # of valence electrons? P N Ne

Which Atom am I? # of valence electrons? P N O

Which Atom am I? # of valence electrons? P N B

Which Atom am I? # of valence electrons? P N Si

Find the atomic number of this element

Notice any trends??? Look at your Bohr models for the first 20 elements What trends (patterns or similarities) do you notice along the periodic table?

Turn over your Bohr Model sheet!

Periodic Table Basics You are about to begin a journey to find the secrets of the Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a majestic tool used by scientists all over the world Are you ready? Let’s go.

The Periodic Table Key Point #1: The periodic table organizes the elements into many different groups based on physical and chemical properties. We will learn about the major ways to group the elements by… Family/Group Metals/metalloids/nonmetals Valence Electrons (save for next unit) Atomic size (save for next unit) Electronegativity (save for next unit)

What does PERIODIC mean? Key Point #2: Periodic means that there is some kind of pattern. In the Periodic Table, there are numerous patterns What about in regular life? How could you group the following items in different ways?

The Evolution of the Periodic Table Just like atomic theory, the Periodic Table also has a long history In the late 1790s, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier compiled a list of elements known at that time - only 23! In the 1800s, scientists began discovering a ton of elements - up to 70!

Evolution Continued New elements meant new data! Scientists needed a way to organize everything!

John Newlands (1860s) Arranged the Periodic Table by increasing ATOMIC MASS Noticed patterns based on physical and chemical properties - repeated every 8th element Law of Octaves

Newland’s Periodic Table Law of Octaves

Mendeleev (1869) Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC MASS into columns based on chemical and physical properties Left spaces for undiscovered elements First to publish table

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table EMPTY SPACES!

Mosely (1913) Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER Some of Mendeleev’s elements in the wrong order Periodic Law

Our Periodic Table – Thanks to Mosely

Periodic Law Periodic Law is the statement that there is a periodic (patterned) repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged in increasing atomic number

Periodic Table Basics Vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods Elements are in order of atomic number Elements are grouped according to electron configuration

Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Are bad conductors of electricity and heat No Luster Are brittle (break easily) Nonductile Solid, liquid, and gas at room temperature Are good conductors of electricity and heat Are shiny (have luster) Are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) Are ductile (can be stretched into wire) Solid at room temp (except Hg) Metalloids are elements that have properties that are in between metals and nonmetals.

Metals vs. Nonmetals Based on your real life experience label the following as metals or nonmetals Copper Oxygen Silver Neon Gold Helium Platinum Carbon (graphite, diamonds) Iron

Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

Metal vs. Nonmetals Two parents are designing a child’s room. They know that children are very curious and want to touch everything, including the heating vent. The vent is currently made of iron, which of the following elements should the parents use to remake the vent so it does not conduct heat well? Silver Zinc Calcium Carbon Chromium An electrician ran out of wire and needs to buy some more to finish the electrical circuits in a home. At the store he has the choice of buying the following elements. Which should he buy? Carbon Hydrogen Fluorine Gold Sulfur

Major Families Noble Gases Alkali Metals Halogens Alkaline Earth Metals H He Be B C N O F Transition Metals Lanthanides Ce Th Actininides

Onto… ELECTRON CONFIGURATION!

We use the periodic table like a magic map!

Electron Configuration in da House! Key Point #1: The Schrödinger Equation predicts the location of an electron in an atom. It tells us that electrons hang out in atomic orbitals Imagine electrons filling up rooms in a house…

Schrödinger Equation and Atomic Orbitals Key Point #2: There are 4 atomic orbitals… s p d f

A Saying to Remember the Four Atomic Orbitals some pirates die fiercely!

The s Orbital One s orbital in each energy level The s orbital is shaped like a sphere

The p Orbital Three p orbitals in each energy level (starting in the 2nd energy level!) Shape looks like dumbells or bowties

p and s Orbitals Side by Side

Start in the 3rd energy level! Shape looks like eggs or flowers The d orbital Five d orbitals Start in the 3rd energy level! Shape looks like eggs or flowers

The f orbital Seven f orbitals - start in 4th energy level

Electron Configuration Review: Where do electrons hang out? Now, we have to know how many electrons can fit into each atomic orbital Think of each orbital as a type of house Some houses are big, some small Some houses have more bedrooms than others

Electron Configuration (First Energy Level) Each orbital (bedroom) can hold two electrons Review: How many orbitals are on the first energy level? Good, just one! This is an s orbital! One bedroom = up to 2 electrons = electron

Electron Configuration (Second Energy Level) Review: Which orbitals are on the second energy level? Good! s and p Review: How many p orbitals are there? Good! Three p orbitals

Electron Configuration (Second Energy Level) So….how many electrons could shack up on the second energy level? Eight electrons! = electron

Electron Configuration (Third energy level and beyond) Review: How many d orbitals are there? Good, five d orbitals! So….how many electrons could shack up in d orbitals? Good! Ten electrons!

Electron Configuration (Fourth Energy Level and Beyond) Review: How many f orbitals are there? Good! Seven f orbitals So….how many electrons could shack up in f orbitals? = electron Good! Fourteen electrons!

Electron Configuration Review Fill in the table below on your notes. Orbital Type (s, p, d, or f) Energy Level # of Orbitals Maximum # of Electrons s p 5 14 1 1,2,3,4… 2 3 6 2,3,4… d 10 3,4… f 4… 7

Electron Configuration Key Point #3: Electron configuration shows how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals and energy levels. The format consists of a series of numbers, letters, and superscripts as shown below: 1s2

Electron Configuration 1s2 Large number = energy level Letter = atomic orbital Superscript (small) number = number of electrons in atomic orbital

Figure it out yourself!! (15 mins) Look at the tables that have 1s, 2s, 2p on your notes sheet. Below, I have shown 4 correct electron configurations. See if you can figure out how to do the last two. Mg -1s22s22p63s2 Ne - 1s22s22p6 Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 S - B -