Mr. Buttell APUSH Board Notes Day Part I-II Mr. Buttell APUSH Board Notes Day Part I-II

Trends in Antebellum America: New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power  Marshall Court decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion. 1.New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power  Marshall Court decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion.

“Manifest Destiny”  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in  Americans had a right to develop the entire continent as they saw fit. Implied a sense of cultural and racial superiority.  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged. American Progress by John Gast, 1872

Dems --> James Knox Polk “54º 40’, or Fight!” 1 st Dark Horse Candidate Former Gov. of Tennessee Former Speaker of the House

Whigs  Henry Clay (One Last Try)

Liberty Party  James Birney

1844 Election Results

“Texas Wants In”

Tyler’s Last Hoorah  President Tyler felt the Democrats were given a mandate with Polk’s win.  Uses a Joint Resolution to admit Texas 3 days before leaving office  Mexico decries this act  Lone Star had become a danger spot, US had no choice

Polk Administration “4 Goals”  1. Lower the Tariff  2. Resolve the Oregon boundary dispute  3. Restore the independent treasury.  4. Acquire California at any cost.

Polk’s Posturing  Orders General Zachary Taylor to march to Rio Grande River past the Nueces River.  Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City to secure purchase of NM and CA/Rio Grande River as new border. Mexico refuses Slidell.  Polk also orders CA revolt in Monterey, CA  Mexican forces attack over the river  Polk calls for war based on flimsy foundation  Congress calls for War  Lincoln’s “Spot Resolution”  Orders General Zachary Taylor to march to Rio Grande River past the Nueces River.  Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City to secure purchase of NM and CA/Rio Grande River as new border. Mexico refuses Slidell.  Polk also orders CA revolt in Monterey, CA  Mexican forces attack over the river  Polk calls for war based on flimsy foundation  Congress calls for War  Lincoln’s “Spot Resolution”

The Mexican War ( )

Whig Response, 1846/End of War 1848  “Conscience Whigs” felt war was a conspiracy to add more slave states.  Wilmot Proviso intended to prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired from Mexico; Senate killed the bill  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848, ended the war with Mexico. US paid Mexico $15 million for TX north of Rio Grande, New Mexico and CA territories.  Free-Soil Movement grows gaining support from abolitionists.  General Zachary Taylor is nominated as the Whig nominee for President and barely wins the election. Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)

The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

Results of the Mexican War?  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.

The Mexican Cession

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

California Gold Rush, er’s

Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty laws  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty laws

Compromise of 1850 Concessions to the North  CA admitted as free state  Territory disputed by TX and NM to be surrendered to NM  Abolition of slave trade (not slavery) in D.C. Concessions to the South  Remainder of MX cession, formed into territories of NM and UT, slavery = Pop. Sov.  TX to receive $10 million for compensation from federal govt.  More stringent fugitive- slave law

Compromise of 1850