Chapter 16 section 1 Fighting Breaks Out(pg 98) This section is about the Mexican American War Zachary Taylor is in charge of the army Texas Rangers participate as scouts and help locate Mexican Troops Mexican Monterrey and Buena Vista make both popular heroes Winfield Scott replaces Taylor as top General Chapter 16 section 2 Results of the Mexican War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the war The Compromise of 1850 settles the border disputes and slavery issue Tejanos are viewed as enemies to the US Many sell their property and leave TX (Low prices) The Treaty of G-H guaranteed Tejanos equal protection but many are forced to leave New immigrants to TX come from Europe and planters who bring slaves

Chapter 16 Section 3 The Texas Rangers and American Indians Jack Coffee Hays scouts land in West Texas, El Paso area Settlement increases in west TX Federal troops are charged with protection against American Indians, but they can’t do it alone Governor Woods orders the Texas Rangers to help Rangers are successful against the natives, they have horses and six shooters Federal Forts are established in Texas Natives are rounded up and forced onto reservations, many refuse to go

Chapter 17 Section 1 Earning a Living This section is about how Texas earned their living Most Texans were small farmers or large planters Many grew cash crops-cotton or sugarcane They raised cows and hogs for meat They grew corn, sweet potatoes and wheat They could earn extra money by selling butter, chickens and eggs As the demand for wool grew, so did sheep farming These areas were called the cotton belt Ranching is the second most popular export Beef and other products from cattle increased by 400% in 10 years Sucessful ranchers: Richard King, Gideon Lewis, Aaron Ashworth (AA) Cristobal Benavides (Female) Towns are small, most live rural areas Industry develops Merchants, Blacksmiths, masons, carpenters, saddle and wagon makers provide products farmers and ranchers need. Hotels and laundries develop Gristmills and tanneries and sawmills develop

Chapter 17 Section 2 Transportation This section is all about the various ways Transportation developed across Texas Stagecoaches ferried people and mail across the state Freight wagons began to ferry goods to markets, these had iron axles and needed to be pulled by teams of 10 to 20 oxen In town oxcarts were used, two wheeled wagons pulled by oxen Steamboats ferried goods and people along rivers increasing economic interactions The first railroad in TX is the Harrisburg line To build a railroad was expensive Texas offers land grants to companies in order to get more railroads built

Chapter 17 Section 3 Social and Cultural Institutions Texas supported the idea of education The state sets aside $2 mil for a school fund The money for schools was used for other things, so they never had enough to build schools or pay teachers Many early schools are opened and operated by Churches Churches provided moral and spiritual guidance Churches also provided a social aspect to society Newspapers become common place Gail Borden Jr. and his partners begin to publish, The Telegraph and Texas Register, in Houston Literature and Art is also available to Texans at this time Most families had a Bible, McGuffey’s reader to teach children at home

Chapter 17 Section 4 Slavery in Texas Slave labor is much of the East Texas population Farm work is labor intensive, on average an adult male could pick 150 to 200 pounds of cotton per day Work was often building and fixing fences, digging and cleaning out ditches and hauling wood Slaves worked at least 6 days a week Some slave worked extra jobs after their regular duties were finished to earn money to buy food, clothes and gifts for family Food and shelter was poor, ex: corn bread, coffee and some bacon Slave grew their own vegetables Slaves were allowed to attend church, spirituals gave them hope Some slaves risked their lives to escape by going to Mexico Slaves could be whipped and hanged Abolition(end slavery) support could be found based on moral and political reasons

Exam Review First railroad line in Texas When/How does the Mexican-American War begins What are the major issues in the U.S. presidential election of Role of Texas Rangers in the war and in Texas Cotton is King- 1 st export Cattle is next- 2 nd export Winfield Scott James K. Polk manifest destiny abolition Joint Resolution Compromise of 1850 James Pinckney Henderson planters Mexican Cession telegraph Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo