Prologue: The Story of Psychology Mary Nguyen. Prescientific Psychology Innate Knowledge (Mind and Body Separable) –Socrates and Plato –René Descartes.

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Prologue: The Story of Psychology Mary Nguyen

Prescientific Psychology Innate Knowledge (Mind and Body Separable) –Socrates and Plato –René Descartes Blank Slate (Mind and Body Inseparable) –Aristotle –Francis Bacon –John Locke (empiricism) The mind lives on.The mind kicks the bucket.

Psychology: Scientific Study of Mental Life Wilheim Wundt (Philosopher and Physiologist) –Press the button: takes longer to press a button after you hear a sound than after you are consciously aware of the sound Edward Bradford Titchener (Wundt’s student) –Structuralism: study the mind through introspection –Introspection William James (Philosopher) –Functionalism: focus on how mental and behavioral processes enable an organism to adapt, survive, and flourish –Principles of Psychology

Ivan Pavlov (Physiologist) –Learning: Classical Conditioning Sigmund Freud (Physician) –Psychoanalysis –Theory of Personality: Emotional childhood memories and the unconscious mind affect behavior Jean Piaget (Biologist) –Childhood Learning

1920s s: The Scientific Study of Observable Behavior Max Wertheimer (Psychologist) –Gestalt Psychology: Seek patterns even where none exists John B. Watson (Psychologist) –Little Albert B. F. Skinner (Psychologist) –Teaching Pigeons and Mice –Skinner box Skinner and Watson were behaviorists who focused on learned behavior. His worst nightmare

1960s - Today: The Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes Carl Rogers (Psychologist) –Personality Theory: Self Concept –Client-centered therapy Abraham Maslow (Psychologist) –Hierarchy of Needs Rogers and Maslow were humanists emphasizing the growth potential of healthy people. Cognitive revolution: scientifically explore the perception, processing, and remembering of information Cognitive neuroscience: study of interaction between thought processes and brain function

Nature-Nurture Nurture works on what Nature endows.

3 Levels of Analysis: The Biopsychosocial Approach Behavior/ Mental Process Biology Genes Natural selection Psychology Learned fears and expectations Emotional responses Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations Society-culture Presence of others Cultural, societal, and family expectations Peer and other group influences Compelling models

7 Perspectives of Psychology PerspectiveFocus Neuroscience Body and brain enable emotions, memories, and senses Behavior Genetics Genes & environment affect individual differences Psychodynamic Behavior from unconscious drives and conflicts Behavioral Learning observable responses Evolutionary Natural selection promotes passing of genes Social-cultural Behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures Cognitive Encode, process, store, and retrieve information Nicely Baked Pies Become Extremely Small Crumbs.

Research Basic – increases scientific knowledge base –Biological Psychologists –Developmental Psychologists –Cognitive Psychologists –Personality Psychologists –Social Psychologists Applied – scientific study that aims to solve practical problems –Industrial/Organizational Psychologists –Counseling Psychologists –Clinical Psychologists –Psychiatrists –Psychohistory –Psycholinguistics