Heart Beat and Blood Pressure. Heart Beat Animation ions/http://heartinstitute.saintthomas.org/animat ions/

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Presentation transcript:

Heart Beat and Blood Pressure

Heart Beat Animation ions/ ions/

What makes a heart beat? Heart muscle contraction is due to the presence of nodal tissue in two regions of the heart SA node and AV node

SA Node The heart beat is set by the sinoatrial node (SA node) The SA node is a bundle of specialized nerves The SA node is located in the right atrium The SA node acts as a pacemaker setting a rhythm of about 70 beats/min.

AV Node AV node is located farther down in the right atrium It receives the signals from the SA node and acts as a conductor spreading the nerve signals down special tracts toward the ventricles

Coordination of the Beating If there was no coordination, the heart cells would all beat randomly (fibrillation) Coordinated beating occurs because of SA node (the pacemaker cells) send nerve impulses to the other cells stimulating them to beat at the right time

Coordination of the Beating(2) Contraction of ventricles –Take blood in from the atria –Pump blood out to the body Contraction of atria –Take blood in from body –Pump blood into the ventricles Coordinated beating of one then the other

The Cardiac Cycle The heart beats or contracts 70 times per minute. The human heart will undergo over 3 billion contraction cycles during a normal lifetime. The cardiac cycle consists of two parts: 1. systole (contraction of the heart muscle) The contraction of the ventricles that opens the valves and forces blood into the arteries 2. diastole (relaxation of the heart muscle) When the ventricle fills with blood. Atria contract while ventricles relax. Normal cardiac cycles (at rest) take 0.8 seconds.

Blood Pressure Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries –An example is 120/80 (systolic pressure/diastolic pressure) Systolic pressure is the result of the contraction of the ventricles (normal ) Diastolic pressure is during the ventricle relaxation (normal 70-90)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures changes in electrical potential across the heart, and can detect the contraction pulses that pass over the surface of the heart. There are three slow, negative changes, known as P, R, and T. Positive deflections are the Q and S waves. The P wave represents the contraction impulse of the atria, the T wave the ventricular contraction. ECGs are useful in diagnosing heart abnormalities.

“Clear!!!”