Bioinformatics Dipl. Ing. (FH) Patrick Grossmann

Contents Bioinformatics have a look Bioinformatics … wait what? Current researches Practical Examples Genomics: - Description of DNA and co. - The 1000 Genome Project Modeling Folding at home Conclusion 2

What does this picture have to do with bioinformatics? Bioinformatics: Take a look 3

Bioinformatics … wait what? Biology: –Science related to living being Informatics –Science of computer systems Bioinformatics: –Is the analysis of biological information 4

Some people may say... Source: bioinformaticscourse phpapp02/95/bioinformatics- course jpg?cb=

Current Research in bioinformatics(1) Cancer Genetic mutations Protein expressions Evolution Sequence analysis 6 Source: oinformatics#/media/File:Image_ DNA_sequence_-_png.png

Current Research in bioinformatics(2) 7

Practical Examples Computational evolutionary biology –Build complex models to predict the system over time -> above a large number of species 8

Practical Examples 9

Usage in Agriculture Source: ojects/antonyevans/glowing- plants-natural-lighting-with-no- electricit?lang=de 10

Practical Examples Genetic disease analysis Source: 11

Bioinformatics and Genomics(1) Genomics is the study of the collective genetic material in an organism. identifying specific genes in a sequence which could be of interest. 12

Genomics(2) In genomics, scientists analyze the DNA in every chromosome of the organism of interest. When a completely sequenced set of DNA has been created, this set is collectively known as a “genome.” Aim: Function of each gene 13

The 1000 Genome Project Successor of “The Human Genome Project” –Aim: Analyze 2500 People all over the world and get information's Results: –Every person carries about genomes without functions 14

The 1000 Genome Project Source:

Proteomics : Protein structure prediction(1) Genomic projects have provided large number of sequence information We Should obtain some benefit from this information. 17

Proteomics : Protein structure prediction(2) Know structural basis -> biology progress aims at identifying functional networks of proteins Structure of proteins can be modeled using homology modeling -> 3D models Rational drug design heavily relies on the structural knowledge of a protein 18

Homology modeling Create Protein out of its amino acid sequence 20 Discover unknown sequences Create model with known sequences Find something to resemble it

Software used for Homology modeling(1) E.g PyMOL (swiss made, used by Novartis) PyMOL can be extended via Python Uses adaptive Poisson Boltzman Solving systems MPACK 21

Software used for Homology modeling(2) MPACK (Modeling Package) is an integrated protein-modeling suite designed to handle modeling of proteins effectively Uses neural networks Final model is obtained using PyMOL 22

The results of modeling 23 Source:

Folding at home MOST important part of disease research –If you can’t fold it, you can’t use it

Folding at home Nussinov Algorithm (not used anymore) 25

Conclusion Bioinformatics is a powerful days nowadays disease treatment drugs development better understanding of living beings Plenty of ways available: – such as chain-termination method or homology modeling 26

That’s it that’s all 27 Source: