Solutions

Solution- homogenous mixture that may be solid, liquid, or gas. Composition of the solvent and solute determine whether the substance will dissolve. Hide the loot in the vent!

Solvation- the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution “Like dissolves like”

Think… You drop a sugar cube into a glass of water. It sinks to the bottom. What are some things you can do to make the sugar dissolve faster?

Factors that affect the rate of solvation: Stirring/Agitating- increases the rate of solubility. It does not affect the amount that will dissolve. Temperature- higher temperatures have more kinetic energy, so they can dissolve particles much faster. Particle Size- smaller sizes dissolve faster (ex: sugar cube vs. granulated sugar)

Solubility Solubility- the amount of solute that dissolves in a quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Saturated solution- contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent. Unsaturated solution- contains less solute than a saturated solution. Precipitate- insoluble solid that emerges from a solution Miscible- two liquids dissolve each other in all proportions. Immiscible- insoluble in one another.

Some Types of Solutions SoluteSolvent SolidLiquid GasLiquid Solid Gas Exampl es?

Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature and Pressure Pressure only affects gases Solubility increases as gas pressure increases (pop) Solubility increases as temperature of solvent increases. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Supersaturated- contains more solute than it can theoretically hold.

Solubility Curves

Supersaturating a solution…

Think back to solvation… What happens if there is no more room for water to hug the ions?

Solubility Curves

le-saltshttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/solub le-salts