SCRF 2012 Erosion in Surface-based Modeling Using Tank Experiment Data Siyao Xu, Andre Jung, Tapan Mukerji, Jef Caers

SCRF 2012 Subseismic scale fine-grained layers Erosion in Reservoirs: Removed Flow Barriers Erosion on fine-grained layers in a lobate reservoir significantly affect reservoir performance Eroded fine-grained layer by following events After Alpak et. al. 2010

SCRF 2012 Erosion in Surface-based Modeling: Uncertainty of Geometry Objective: –Characterize uncertainty of erosion geometry –Simulate erosion in surface-based model Subseismic scale fine-grained layers Eroded fine-grained layer by following events After Alpak et. al. 2010

SCRF 2012 Review of Surface-based Modeling: Advantages Can represent complex geometry Realistic model with low computational costs After Bertoncello et. al Statistics & rules from data and knowledge Stack Surfaces to construct 3D model Sequentially generate geometry with statistics and place with rules T

SCRF 2012 After Bertoncello et. al Statistics & rules from data and knowledge Stack Surfaces to construct 3D model Sequentially generate geometry with statistics and place with rules T Review of Surface-based Modeling: Challenges Limited knowledge of erosion geometry Where to get data ?

SCRF 2012 Experiment data for reservoir modeling –Detailed information of the processes –How to use it to build a reservoir model? Distributary delta experiment –Chris Paola, National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics(NCED)/St. Anthony Falls Laboratory (SANL) SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data

SCRF m SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Settings 5 m Tank Infeed point

SCRF 2012 T = 15 s T = 30 s SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Two Types of Data 1. Overhead photos taken at intervals of 15 s T = 0 s

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Two Types of Data 2. Elevation lines measured at 2 min interval –Measured along three lines –Distal : 2 m to the infeed point Infeed point 2 m

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Two Types of Data 2. Elevation lines measured at 2 min interval –Measured along three lines –Medial : 1.75 m to the infeed point Infeed point 1.75 m

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Two Types of Data 2. Elevation lines measured at 2 min interval –Measured along three lines –Proximal : 1.5 m to the infeed point Infeed point 1.5 m

SCRF 2012 Horizontal geometry –Channels: belts of constant width –Lobes: projecting oval shape Tank Experiment Data: from Overhead Photos

SCRF 2012 Vertical geometry –Patterns of erosion - deposition Tank Experiment Data: from Elevation Lines Old Elevation New Elevation

SCRF 2012 Vertical direction –Patterns of erosion - deposition Tank Experiment Data: from Elevation Lines Old Elevation New Elevation Erosion: New Elevation Is LOWER than old elevation Deposition: New Elevation Is HIGHER than old elevation No event

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: from Elevation Lines Elevation

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Visualize Geometry Horizontal Location is maintained Time Sequence Elevation Height of geometry is maintained

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Visualize Geometry Time Sequence Elevation New geometry is above previous representing temporal sequence Significant Geometry is maintained

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Visualize Geometry A larger deposition occurs subsequently Time Sequence Elevation

SCRF 2012 Correlated −erosion – deposition geometry How to characterize the statistics? Tank Experiment Data: Visualize Geometry Correlated geometry pairs

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Interpretation and Characterization 1. From channels: erosion dominated

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Interpretation and Characterization 1. From channels: characterize with DIMENSIONLESS ratio

SCRF From lobes: deposition dominated but with light erosion SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Interpretation and Characterization

SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Interpretation and Characterization 2. From lobes: characterize with DIMENSIONLESS ratio

SCRF From lobes: deposition without erosion characterized with probability SCRF 2012 Tank Experiment Data: Interpretation and Characterization

SCRF 2012 Model Building: Generate Geobody Generate boundary along a centerline Centerline is controlled by multiple geological meaningful points Channel Intermediate PointsChannel End Thickest Point Lobe End Boundary Control Point Channel Source

SCRF 2012 Model Building: Generate Geobody

SCRF 2012 Model Building: Place Geobody Distance to source Distance to previous lobe Deposited thicknes Combined Combined Probability Map Next lobe location is picked-up using the combined P map 1 0

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Erosion-Deposition Processes Section 1 Section 2

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Complex Surfaces Realization of 30 events

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Uncertainty of Surfaces Cross sections orthogonal to the flow direction Colors Identify Different Events

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Uncertainty of Surfaces Cross sections along the flow direction Colors Identify Different Events Flow Direction

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Input Statistics The probability of lobe with erosion is reproduced f = 0.32 Correlated erosion – deposition are reproduced ExperimentSimulation

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Input Statistics Q-Q plots

SCRF 2012 Simulation Results: Reproduction of Input Statistics Q-Q plots

SCRF 2012 Conclusions and Future Works Conclusions –Geometry information of erosion – deposition is extracted from tank experiment data –Realization of surface-based model can reproduce input statistics from tank experiment Future works –How to combined horizontal and vertical information? –How to extract information to improve the p- maps