Essential Question(s) How did the second phase of the War of 1812 play out & what were the effects?

Chapter 10 Section 3 (Pt III) War of 1812: Phase Two Chapter 10 Section 3 (Pt III)

The Second Phase Phase two of the War of 1812 began after the British defeated Napoleon in April 1814 Britain’s full army & navy were now free to focus upon the conflict in the U.S. In Aug. 1814, President Madison & others were forced to flee D.C. as British forces approached Madison’s wife, Dolley, was able to save several important items from the White House b/f fleeing This was important b/c, upon arrival in D.C., the British burned the White House This action was meant to intimidate the Americans, but actually served to galvanize the American war effort.

Fort McHenry After burning the WH, the British marched north to Baltimore’s Ft. McHenry Ft. McHenry served as a gateway to the large NE pop. centers of Philadelphia, NYC, & Boston While negotiating the release of U.S. POW’s, a lawyer named Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle After watching the all-night battle, Key wrote a poem recounting the events “The Star-Spangled Banner” eventually became the American national anthem Along w/ another failed offensive on Lake Champlain, the British defeat at Ft. McHenry permanently halted their advance

Bombardment

The Battle of New Orleans Soon after Ft. McHenry, the British moved against the port city of New Orleans, LA Dozens of British ships ferried 7,500 troops to NO Defending the city were patchwork U.S. forces led by Gen. Andrew Jackson Jackson had a combination of U.S. army regulars, state militiamen, Africans, and Natives

Peace Treaty…Then a Battle? The British attacked Jackson on Jan. 8, 1815 U.S. rifleman, protected by well-built earthworks destroyed wave after wave of advancing British By the end of the Battle of New Orleans, the U.S. had won a staggering victory British casualties = 2,000 U.S. casualties = 71 (only 13 deaths!!) Even more amazing, two weeks prior to the battle, U.S. and British diplomats had signed the Treaty of Ghent, which had ended the war Word had not reached NO fast enough, which led the battle to take place even though the war had already officially ended!

Summary/Test Question Which was NOT true about the Battle of New Orleans? The battle was a great victory for the U.S. forces It convinced the British to sign a peace treaty with the U.S. The battle made General Andrew Jackson a national hero The battle was fought a full two weeks after the war was officially over

Legacy of the War The Treaty of Ghent showed that the war had no clear winner No land was gained/lost Trade disputed remained unresolved Despite these setbacks, some important consequences for the U.S. did happen 1st - A new set of American heroes/leaders emerged Andrew Jackson Oliver Hazard Perry William Henry Harrison 2nd - Native strength in the west was crippled Native resistance weakened, allowing for increased expansion 3rd - Interrupted trade forced the U.S. to make their own goods This greatly encouraged the growth of American manufacturing

Summary/Test Question Which of the following was NOT a result of the War of 1812? It greatly increased American patriotism It encouraged widespread British settlement in the Northwest It weakened Native American resistance, allowing for easier U.S. expansion It led to increased U.S. manufacturing