Presentation By Gulrez Alam Khan Lecturer, College of Art & Science Wadi Dawasir

TRAINING In simple words it can be defined as equipping employees with required knowledge and skills for the job.

WHY TRAINING? Dynamic Business Environment Technological Advances

Advantages of Training Increased Productivity Reduced Accidents Reduced Supervision Heightened Morale

TYPES OF TRAINING On the job training Off the job training

On the Job Training It refers to new or inexperienced employees learning through observing peers or managers performing the job and trying to imitate their behavior.

Methods of on the Job Training COACHING MENTORING JOB ROTATION JOB INSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE

COACHING It is one to one interaction Considered as corrective measure for inadequate performance. Helps in identifying weaknesses and focuses on areas which needs improvement.

MENTORING Mentoring focus on attitude development. Conducted for management-level employees Mentoring is done by someone inside the company It is one-to-one interaction It helps in identifying weaknesses and focus on the area that needs improvement

Advantages of “On-the –job” Methods Generally more cost effective Less disruptive to the business - i.e. employees are not away from work Training with equipment they are familiar with and people they know can help them Gain direct experience to a standard approved by the employer On the job training is also productive, as the employee is still working as they are learning

Off-the-Job Training Method Trainee is separated from the job environment Take place at training agency or local college, training centres Study materials Fully concentrate on learning rather than performing Freedom of expression

Types of Off the Job methods Vestibule Training Management Games Role Playing Films Lecture Methods Outbound Training

Vestibule Training Actual work conditions are simulated Materials, files and equipments are used Duration ranges from few days to a few weeks Theory can be related to practice here

Advantages Training becomes more reality-based. Directly applies to jobs. Increases the chances of retention. Prevents trainees from making costly mistakes or damaging equipment. Allows instructors to give more personalized attention to the learners.

Disadvantages Time Consuming Expensive Trainer has to be very skilled There has to be elaborate setups for the same

Management Games To improve decision making and analytical skills. To develop awareness of the need to make decisions lacking complete information. To develop an understanding of the interrelationships To develop the ability to function cooperatively and effectively in a small group situation.

Types of management Games Executive Games are general management games and cover all functional areas {like planning, decision making, etc} of business and their interactions and dynamics. Executive games are designed to train general executives. Functional Games, on the other hand, focus on middle management decisions and emphasize particular functional areas {like Marketing or HR} of the firm.

ROLE PLAYING Is the method of human interaction that involves realistic behavior in imaginary situations.

Benefits of Role playing Developing interpersonal skills and communication skills Conflict resolution Group decision making Developing insight into one’s own behavior and its impact on others

Types of Role play Multiple role play Single role play Role rotation Spontaneous role play

Films/Video Presentations Content for the training experience comes primarily from a videotape or computer-based program. Interest of the audience can be maintained by showing them audio visuals Easy to handle and explain Provides a lot of content to talk about

Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages – Easy to train and the trainer can follow up with questions and discussions Assured to provide same information to all the trainees Disadvantages– Expensive to develop Such type of training has to be outsourced which may make the training less content specific.

Outbound Training Outdoor and action-oriented programs through experiential learning Develops Leadership, teamwork and risk-taking abilities Interesting as compared to classroom leaning Conducted by professionals who are very cooperative

Advantages Trainees can immediately see the consequences of wrong actions Materialistically enhance their thinking and behavior

Disadvantages Work time has to be allotted for it. Interest of the participants is required.

Lecture Method Lecture is traditional & direct method of instruction. It is a verbal presentation of information by an instructor to a large audience. The lecture must motivate & create interest among the trainees in order to become effective It is presumed to posses a considerable depth of knowledge of subject at hand. This method is used mainly in college and universities

Advantages Less time required for preparation Provides lots of information quickly Cost per trainee is very low

Disadvantages Does not involve trainees too much. Trainees may forget the teaching as it is presented only orally.

Few Other Methods In-Basket Exercise Also known as In-tray method of training. The trainee is presented with a pack of papers & files in a tray containing administrative problems & is asked to take decisions on these problems & are asked to take decisions on these within a stipulated time. The decisions taken by the trainees are compared with one another. The trainees are provided feedback on their performance.

Cont…. Experiential Exercises Usually short, structured learning experiences where individuals learn by doing. For instance, rather than talking about inter-personal conflicts & how to deal with them, an experiential exercise could be used to create a conflict situation where employees have to experience a conflict personally & work out its solutions.

Cont…. Cases Present an in depth description of a particular problem an employee might encounter on the job. The employee attempts to find and analyze the problem, evaluate alternative courses of action & decide what course of action would be most satisfactory.

Advantages of “Off-the –job” Methods Learn from specialists in that area of work who can provide more in- depth study Can more easily deal with groups of workers at the same time Employees respond better when taken away from pressures of working environment Workers may be able to obtain qualifications or certificates

Disadvantages of “Off-the –job” Methods The trainer should have specialised skills and knowledge to train The trainer may not be given much time to spend with the employee to teach them properly The trainer may posses bad habits and pass these on to the trainee