3 rd Declension Nouns (Lesson 40) Latin II Dec. 2-6, 2013

Third Declension Nouns! Latin has 5 declensions of nouns. Declensions are groups of nouns which share the same endings.

3 rd declension nouns Third declension is the largest declension of nouns! Third declension includes masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, plus a sub-group called “i- stem nouns.” Both masculine and feminine 3 rd declension nouns use the same chart.

3 rd declension nouns Third declension nouns are identified by the –is ending in the genitive singular. pax, pacis (f.) lex, legis (f.) salus, salutis (f.) dux, ducis (m.)

Nominative* Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural --- -is -i -em -e -ēs -um -ibus -ēs -ibus 3 rd Declension Endings * There are several nominative endings, so they’re not listed on the chart. Whatever the first form of the word is in your vocabulary list…that’s the nominative.

Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: pax, pacis, f. peace Nominative singular Genitive singular Gender Meaning pacis – is = pac Noun Stem

Let’s Find Stems for 3 rd Declension! dux, ducis homo, hominis lex, legis miles, militis pax, pacis salus, salutis duc- homin- leg- milit- pac- salut-

Let’s Find Stems for 3 rd Declension! dux, ducis homo, hominis lex, legis miles, militis pax, pacis salus, salutis duc- homin- leg- milit- pac- salut-

Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural dux duc e em es um ibus es ibus dux, ducis (m.) i is Note that the lovely nominative form will appear once on the chart, then disappear…like a briefly-lived bug.

Your Turn! Decline any 1 of your third declension vocabulary nouns on the whiteboard.

Nouns and Adjectives The adjectives you have learned thus far are called “1 st /2 nd declension adjectives” bonus, bona, bonum Therefore, they do not use 3 rd declension endings!

bonus, bona, bonum Nom. bona bonae Gen. bonae bonarum Dat. bonae bonis Acc. bonam bonas Abl. bonā bonis Nom. bonum bona Gen. boni bonorum Dat. bono bonis Acc. bonum bona Abl. bono bonis Nom. bonus boni Gen. boni bonorum Dat. bono bonis Acc. bonum bonos Abl. bono bonis Masculine forms use 2 nd declension endings. Feminine forms use 1 st declension endings. Neuter forms use 2 nd declension neuter endings.

Nouns and Adjectives But what if you need to use a 1 st /2 nd declension adjective to describe a 3 rd declension noun?!?!

Nouns and Adjectives Remember our old abbreviation G-N-C? Nouns and adjectives agree in gender, number, and case. They DO NOT have to agree in declension! This means: often nouns and adjectives have endings that AGREE but AREN’T SPELLED the same way.

Nouns and Adjectives Let’s say we want to decline the pair of words “a good law.” lex, legis (f.)---law bonus, BONA, bonum---good So, a good law is a “lex bona” Let’s see what it looks like…

Lex Bona Nom. lex bona leges bonae Gen. legis bonae legum bonarum Dat. legi bonae legibus bonis Acc. legem bonam leges bonas Abl. lege bonā legibus bonis SingularPlural

Your Turn! Decline “pax magna” on a single chart on the whiteboard. Decline “dux bonus” on a single chart on the whiteboard. “Dux” is masculine so “bonus” is masculine---use 2 nd declension endings on “bonus.”

Your Turn! Decline “pax aequa” on a single chart Complete WB Ex. “C” pages Add it to your declension practice from yesterday!

Practice! Complete textbook page 282, Ex. A Write the LATIN and ENGLISH Add to your previous exercises and turn in everything to the box. Gratias!