Sections 16.1-2 Acids and Bases and pH Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta.

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Presentation transcript:

Sections Acids and Bases and pH Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta

Equilibrium systems Acid base Precipitation Complexation Simultaneous Equilibria

Acid-Base Equilibria pH and pOH Relationship of Conjugate Pair acid-base strength. When acids or bases control pH:  determine K  predict pH When pH controls acid/base state:  predict acid/base state  use acid/base state to determine pH Buffer action pH titration curves

Bronsted Acids and Bases Bronsted Acid: H + (proton) donor Bronsted Base: H + acceptor Acid-Base reactions: H + transfer reaction Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs: acid conjugate base HFF - NH 4 + NH 3

What is the conjugate base of HNO 2 ? 1.H 2 NO HNO 3 3.NO 2 -

What is the conjugate acid of HPO 4 2- ? 1.H 2 PO H 3 PO 4 3.PO 4 3-

What is the conjugate base of HPO 4 2- ? 1.H 2 PO H 3 PO 4 3.PO 4 3- What is the conjugate acid of HPO 4 2- ? 1.H 2 PO H 3 PO 4 3.PO 4 3-

pH/pOH Relationships and Calculations [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1.0 x pH = -log[H 3 O + ] pOH = -log[OH - ] [H 3 O + ] = 10 -pH [OH - ] = 10 -pH pH + pOH = 14.00

Neutral, Acidic and Basic Solutions Neutral Acidic Basic

What is [H 3 O + ] when [OH - ] = 5.4 x M?

What is the pH of a solution with [H 3 O + ] = 4.6 x M?

What is [H 3 O + ] in a solution with pH = 8.24?

What is the pOH of a solution with [OH - ] = 3.3 x M?

What is the pH of a solution with [OH - ] = 2.4 x M?

Strong acids and bases For strong acid solutions, [H 3 O + ] = [acid] (except for H 2 SO 4 ) For strong bases LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, [OH - ] = [base] For strong bases Ca(OH) 2, Ba(OH) 2, etc., [OH - ] = 2 x [base]

What is the pH of a M solution of HCl?

What is the pH of a M solution of Ca(OH) 2 ?