MINERALS CH 5- Miss Kelley

MINERAL  Occur naturally  Consistent chemical composition  Solid Orderly structured= crystalline form  Inorganic chemical composition- lacks C & H (all living things are made up of carbon) Inorganic compounds are traditionally viewed as being synthesized by the agency of geological systems

EXAMPLES OF MINERALS There are over 4900 known mineral species over 4,660 of these have been approved by the (IMA). Silicate minerals compose over 90% of the Earths crust.  Halite, pyrite, hematite, calcite, gold, silver, quartz, feldspar, mica, gypsum, lepidolite, ruby, diamond, topaz, graphite, corundum, fluorite, apatite, clinoclase, stibnite, stillbite, azurite, malachite, copper, garnet, talc, vanadinite, sulfur, kyanite

 Classified as silicates and non silicates  Minerals are mainly oxides & sulfides strictly inorganic although they may be of biological origin.  In fact, most of the earth is inorganic

SILICATES  Si & O  Classified based on structure Is due to different ratios of Si & O Nesosilicates sorosilicates cyclosilicates inosilicates phyllosilicates tectosilicates

NON SILICATES  4% of earth’s crust  Don’t contain Si & O Carbonates Halides Native elements Oxides Sulfates sulfides

CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE  Atoms are arranged is a repeating geometric pattern  Silicon-oxygen tetrahedral- basic unit of a structured crystalline solid (pyramid like) Arranged about The center Si

OTHER ARRANGEMENTS  6 other kinds  Isolated tetrahedral  Ring silicates  Single chain silicates  Double chain silicates  Sheet silicates  Framework silicates

ISOLATED TETRAHEDRAL  Doesn’t link with other Si or O  Uses basic silicon-oxygen of the tetrahedron bonds to another atom of a different element

RING SILICATES  O bonds with other O atoms creating a circle of tetrahedrons

SINGLE CHAIN SILICATES  Each tetrahedron is bonded with two others tetradedras  This bond forms between 2 O atoms

DOUBLE CHAIN  Two single chains combine  2 bonds with O atoms

SHEET SILICATES  Each tetrahedron shares 3 Oxygen atoms from another tetrahedron  3 bonds between oxygen atoms

FRAME WORK  Each tetrahedron is bonded with 4 tetrahedrons  4 bonds between oxygen atoms

NON MINERALS  Same structure  Without Si