Magnetized States of Quantum Spin Chains

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Presentation transcript:

Magnetized States of Quantum Spin Chains Collin Broholm Johns Hopkins University and NIST Center for Neutron Research Zero field states of spin chains S=1/2 “alternating” chain: Coupled spin dimers S=1 chain: The Haldane singlet state S=1/2 chain: Fermions on a string Magnetized States of spin chains Future experiments probing spin chains Experiments that will probably be done with neutrons Experiments that probably cannot be done with neutrons

Collaborators Crystal Growth and Bulk Measurements C. P. Landee M. Turnbull T. Ito K. Oka H. Takagi Scattering Experiments etc. G. Xu D. H. Reich D. C. Dender Matt Stone G. Aeppli P. Hammar A. Tennant S. Nagler G. Granroth M. Adams C. Frost

Magnetic Neutron Scattering The scattering cross section is proportional to the Fourier transformed dynamic spin correlation function

Creating triplets on alternating spin-1/2 chain (a=0.27) Copper Nitrate T=0.3 K 1.4 Triplet pair creation Individual triplet creation as before 5 Xu et al 1998

Gapless Continuum Scattering in Uniform spin-1/2 chain (a=1) Copper benzoate T=0.3 K Dender et al. 1996

Spectrum for Alternating and Uniform spin-1/2 chains Spin gap and separated bands a=0.27 Gap-less continuum a=1 Copper nitrate T=0.3 K q-integrated Intensity (cts. per hr.) J1 2J1 Cu-Benz 0.3 K 0 0.4 0.8 E (meV) aJ1 aJ1

Field Induced Order in system of coupled spin-1/2 dimers (CuHpCl) This may be incommensurate order with field dependent wave vector

Experimental Issues in Quantum Magnetism Characterize incommensurate magnetized states of spin systems with zero field macroscopic quantum singlet ground states. What effects come from doping spin chains? What are the critical properties of T=0 phase transitions between magnetic and non-magnetic states? Explore coherent transport of triplet wave packets along a quantum spin-chain. How does a quantum spin chain develop thermodynamic equilibrium from a non-equilibrium state?

The type of Experiments that will probably be done with neutrons Characterizing bulk magnetic excitations in materials that can be obtained as cm3 sized single crystals. Solving magnetic structures when we have mm3 sized single crystals, P<30 kbar, B<12 T, and we need only dq>0.01 A-1.

The type of Experiments that will probably not be done with neutrons Elastic and inelastic experiments on surfaces, sub mm3 samples, or samples that absorb neutrons. Element or charge/orbital state specificity required. Experiments that require high q-resolution (dq<0.01 A-1). Experiments that probe spin systems away from thermal equilibrium (time and direct spatial resolution). Experiments on magnetic samples under extreme conditions of pressure (P>25 kbar) or magnetic field (B>12, 15, 30 T?).