UNIT I: REVOLUTIONS LESSON #2: The “Early” or “Conservative” Revolutions

UNIT I: LESSON #2 CLASS PURPOSE: TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS… 1.What role did the Renaissance play in early revolutions? 2.What role did the Reformation play? 3.What became of the divine right of kings? 4.What major ideologies and stages can we find at work here?

UNIT I: LESSON #2 CHUCK, PHIL AND BILLY GET MAD!

UNIT I: LESSON #2 I.1568: The Dutch Revolts: Causes A. Spain controlled Holland through marriage (The Dutch Netherlands.) B. The Spanish King Charles V had given them some rights, his son Phillip II then reversed that decision. C. The Pope versus John Calvin and the Protestants. D. Phillip II cracks down on the Dutch who openly revolt.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 II. What were the Triggers? A. The Bad Harvest of 1675 B. The Economic Downturn of 1676 C. Calvinists torch a Catholic Monastery D. Phillip adds heavy taxes to the Dutch as punishment. III. Phillip sends the Troops in. A The Duke of Alva arrives with an army. 1. Executions 2. Dutch Nobles Flee William of Orange returns. B. William gains support due to Spanish bankruptcy. C The Rebel Alliance…not star wars. D. The Dutch go shopping for monarchs.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 IV. Causes of the English Civil War. A. England has Parliament, which goes back to Magna Carta (1215 AD). The King’s powers are limited. B. Queen Elizabeth I and religious tolerance. Died 24 Mar C. James I (James VI Stuart of Scotland)24 Mar., Only son of Mary Queen of Scots 2. Union of England, Ireland and Scotland (UK) D. Charles I(Divine Right Rule) Pro Catholic E. Anti-Puritan at home and prone to wars. F. Taxes and losses cause parliament and the king to fight.

Lizzie, Jimmy and Chuck.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 IV. Causes of the English Civil War (cont’d.) G He has to call them back for tax purposes. They make him sign the “Petition of Right.” H Parliament is dissolved and the King declares no more Parliament I. Charles tries religious reform in Scotland. This leads to war and a need for taxes and Parliament.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 IV. Causes of The English Civil War (cont’d.) J Parliament pushes back and is dissolved and then recalled. He can’t function without them. K. “Long Parliament” They force the King to declares that Parliament must be called for three years every three years. L Attitudes in Parliament split. Many consider him unfit to rule. Some think they are scarier than the king. They write up “The Grand Remonstrance.” M. Charles invades Parliament and tries to arrest the radicals. N. The King leaves London and gathers forces in the countryside to put down a “Parliamentary Revolt.”

UNIT I: LESSON #2 V. The Outcomes of the War. A. 20 August 1642 Charles declares war on Parliament. They kept asking him to sign their demands. B. October 23, 1642 The Battle of Edgehill C. He had lost London, the economic powerhouse. D. Parliament gains Scottish support. E. Parliament builds “The New Model Army” under a competent MP Oliver Cromwell, who becomes their Commander. F. 2 July 1644 The Battle of Marsten Moor. G. June 1644 Battle of Naseby. H. March 1646 The Kings Cavaliers are forced to surrender. I. The King escapes England and surrenders to the Scots for better treatment.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 V. The Outcomes of the War (cont’d). J. The NMA is now radicalized with lower class puritans and it becomes its own power source. K. June 1647 The NMA seizes the king and defies Parliament. Scotland goes to war to get their king back. L. A Second Civil War Suppression of royalist uprisings. 2. Defeat of the Scots. D. 6 December 1648: “Pride’s Purge.” F. The “Rump Parliament.” 60 are left.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 V. The Outcomes of the War (cont’d). G. 27 January 1649: The King is put on trial and executed. H. The NMA, Rump Parliament and Cromwell now run things. The Office of King is abolished. I. The Republic of England? Yes….. 1. The “Levellers”. 2. May 1649 he starts executing Soldiers who want equality. J. Charles I’s son Charles II is proclaimed King of Scotland while hiding in France. K. Cromwell crushes uprisings in Ireland and beats Charles II and the Scots.

UNIT I: LESSON #2 V. The Outcomes of the War (cont’d). L. December 1653: He recreates Parliament the way he wants it. They offer him King. He refuses and becomes “Lord Protector of England.” M. He creates a “Godly” puritan state ruled by cruel dictatorship. N. Cromwell wants a return to “normality.” O. The NMA kept the peace but people were resentful. F. He died in 1658 and the power of the army began to unravel. G. Charles II is restored to the thrown.