Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence Turbulence: An irregular or disturbed flow of air; or for aviation “bumpiness in flight”. Scale of Turbulence can be from 50.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence Turbulence: An irregular or disturbed flow of air; or for aviation “bumpiness in flight”. Scale of Turbulence can be from 50 feet to 8000 feet. Pilot response: Correct any large plane changes in orientation caused by the turbulence otherwise hold it study. Do not try to correct small changes in orientation. Vertical speed may also vary wildly. Do not try to correct. Hold it study. You correction would probably be in the wrong direction as the gust changes.

Turbulence: Pilot effects Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Pilot effects Shaking from turbulence at 4 to 5 shakes per second: Pilot can not read the instruments At one oscillation per 4 seconds it can induce air sickness

Turbulence: Intensities Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Intensities Light: bumbs without change in altitude or attitude Moderate: cause change in altitude and or attiutude, but pilot remains in control Severe: Large changes in altitude and/or attitude: (VSI: Vertical Speed Indicator) KIAS and VSI will have large changes. Extreme: Pilot control is lost.

Turbulence: Intensities Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Intensities

Turbulence: Intensities Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Intensities

Turbulence: Types and Causes Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Types and Causes TYPES of TURBULENCE: LLT: Low Level Turbulence TNT: Turbulence Near Thunderstorms CAT: Clear Air Turbulence MWT: Mountain Wave Turbulence

Turbulence: Types and Causes Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Types and Causes Causes of LLT: Mechanical Turbulence: Caused by friction with the ground or obstacles Winds appear to be glued to the ground they are in contact with. If a hill turns the winds turn with them. If there is a gorge they go into the gorge and come up the other side.

Turbulence: Types and Causes Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Types and Causes Causes of LLT: Mechanical Turbulence: Caused by friction with the ground or obstacles

Turbulence: Types and Causes Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Types and Causes Causes of LLT: Mechanical Turbulence: Caused by friction with the ground or obstacles

Turbulence: Types and Causes Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Types and Causes Causes of LLT: Mechanical Turbulence: Caused by friction with the ground or obstacles

Turbulence: Types and Causes Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Types and Causes Causes of LLT: Mechanical Turbulence: Caused by friction with the ground or obstacles

Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence Pilot Considerations: Pilot Operator’s Handbook(POH) gives max crosswind speed for landing If it is gusting it may be unsafe below this speed: Approach with power and fast. Control your plane even after it has landed! When taking off from a valley climb before exiting the valley. Wind speeds can be higher at ridge crests due to the Bernoulli affect.

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Causes Continued Thermal Turbulence: Usually Vertical Can typically be from 200 to 400 fpm May be 1000 fpm to 2000 fpm fpm: (feet per minute) May not have cloud caps in dry air. In moist air they may have cloud caps. Uncomfortable but usually safe in the Central Valley or Salinas Valley in Summer

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Causes Continued Thermal Turbulence:

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Causes Continued Turbulence in Fronts:

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Causes Continued Wake Turbulence: Wake turbulence is usually vortex shaped The vortexes fall after the plane that created them. They usually move downward from the plane that created them and with the wind.

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Causes Continued Wake Turbulence:

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Causes Continued Wake Turbulence:

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Causes Continued Wake Turbulence: Took down a A300-600 at LaGuardia, NYNY due to a B747 Wake on takeoff When landing stay above the path of a “Heavy” landing before you Don’t takeoff until you are convinced a “Heavy’s” Wake is not in your path. May be more than FAA minimums. RWY does not make a difference in cross wind!!! Wakes Move with the Cross Wind

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Causes Continued From Wikipedia

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Causes Continued TNT: Turbulence in and near Thunderstorms Turbulence in Thunderstorms Turbulence can tare a private plane apart. Always use highest winds reported in a storm to make you decision.

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec A Turbulence: Causes Continued TNT: Turbulence in and near Thunderstorms Turbulence in Thunderstorms Turbulence can tare a private plane apart. Always use highest winds reported in a storm to make you decision.

Turbulence: Causes Continued Ch 12 Sec B Turbulence: Causes Continued TNT: Turbulence in and near Thunderstorms Turbulence below Thunderstorms Microburst in rain or under virga Turbulence around Thunderstorms Do not fly within 20 miles of a severe thunderstorm or one that has an echo of 5 or above. You’ll roll in a roll cloud!!!