 Institutional & Governance Review  Anti-Corruption Report  Financial Accountability Assessment  Procurement Assessment  Survey on Urban Service Delivery  Survey of households, businesses and civil servants on governance-related issues

 Energy Sector  Financial Sector  Education Sector  Health Sector

 PROSHIKA (A large Bangladeshi NGO)  40 Community-Based Organizations  Survey & Research Systems (SRS)  Public Affairs Center (Bangalore)  AUSAID, CIDA, Netherlands, UNDP and USAID

 Role of state: wide-scale nationalization post-independence  Tight control over resources by the elite – patronage network dating back to the military dictatorship  Heavy reliance on personal networks, resulting in pervasive patron-client relationships  Well organized interest groups influence political decisions

 Significant discrepancy between private agendas and public agendas  The poor lack “voice” and often have to attach themselves to a patron to survive  Grudging acceptance of the growing plunder of state resources  Confrontational political environment

Budget Implementation Budget Preparation Budget Evaluation Budget Oversight Macroeconomic Framework Development & Recurrent Budget Sector Strategies MTEF Annual Reports IMED Value-for-money Audits Revenue Administration Pensions & Payroll Procurement Internal Control C&AG’s Office Parliamentary Committees

 Lack of medium-term fiscal framework  Recurrent & development budgets prepared separately – not linked  Weak tax administration & low revenue effort  Corruption & delays in procurement  Lack of internal control

 Deficiencies in budget monitoring & reporting  Delays in external audit & limited attention to audit objections  Weak parliamentary oversight  Limited effort to measure development impact of expenditures

Governance Survey  Covered 3,000 households  1,500 enterprises  1,500 civil servants Urban Service Delivery  Covered 11 services  Four cities (47% of Urban Population)  2,400 Households  900 in Dhaka  600 in Chittagong  500 in Khulna  400 in Rajshahi

Data from the 2000 Household Income & Expenditure Survey show that about 75 percent of the allocations for the Food for Education program do not reach any household. Government has decided to monetize this program from July 1, 2002.

 Slum dwellers pointed out that they had to pay Tk50 per light bulb per month (for use after sunset and before 5:00 a.m.). At existing rates, legally connected households pay Tk13-15 for the same light bulb for 24 hours supply.

 Slum dwellers pointed out that they had to pay as much as Tk2 per bucket of water, which is several times the price paid by those who have legal connections (the official price in Dhaka, for example, is Tk4.33 per 1,000 liters)

 As a result of bribes paid, the registered price of land was reduced by, on average, 25 percent.  The loss in Government revenue from this item alone is estimated at Tk400 million annually, enough to build 600 primary schools or pay the annual salaries of 17,500 teachers

 Import Permit: Six signatures, four weeks, and a bribe equal to 85 percent of the permit fee  Export Permit: Five signature; two weeks, and a bribe equal to 197 percent of the authorized fee  Duty Drawback: Four signature; two weeks, and a bribe equal to 192 percent of the established fee

 Re-examine the role of State  Improve public sector efficiency by reforming the incentive system, modernizing human resource management, overhauling the cadre system, revamping the rules of business, and implementing a broad- based training program  Make Government more accountable – by strengthening national “ pillars of integrity ”

 Decentralize and bring government closer to the people in order to improve the quality of service delivery  Promote community involvement in overseeing service delivering agencies by including them on monitoring bodies, autonomous boards, etc.

 Ensure independence of regulatory agencies and strengthen institutional capacity of parliamentary standing committees  Encourage service delivering entities to publish "Client Charters “ informing clients of what service standards to expect. Publicly post prices for all services.

 Implement a priority program to improve law & order and the system of justice.  Institutionalize user surveys to provide users with regularly updated information on prices charged, time lags in availaing services, satisfaction levels, bribes, etc.