As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner.

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As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner

Faulkner’s Biography Born William Cuthber Faulkner in 1897 Moved to Oxford, MS at age of 5 Initially published book of poetry in 1924 Published 3 novels to little fanfare Soldiers’ Pay, 1926 Mosquitoes, 1927 Sartoris, 1929 Married divorcee Estelle Oldham in 1929 2 daughters + Estelle’s 2 children Unhappy union

Early novels garnered critical praise but no commercial success The Sound and the Fury, 1929 As I Lay Dying, 1930 Worked as writer of fiction and Hollywood screenplays for remainder of life. 1946 publication of The Portable Faulkner aided reputation and commercial acceptance 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature 1954 Pulitzer Prize for Literature Died of heart attack in 1962

Historical Context 1920s farm life a constant struggle for survival Typical farmer’s income = $100.00/year Lien System Depression in cotton market Flooding of 1920s Conditions of working class brought “revolt of the rednecks” (James K. Vardaman)

Style Setting 1928 Mississippi Bundren family = poor cotton farmers Travel far to bury matriarch No modern farm equipment Country folk versus Town Folk Point of View 59 chapters, 15 narrators Individual peculiarities Social and religious environment Form of character study Reader witnesses events + characters’ perceptions

Stream of Consciousness Reproduces characters’ thought processes May reveal confusion and/or distress No objective narrator Normally restricted to the Bundren family Darl Vardaman Dark Humor Character perceptions = humor Character faults = humor Understatement = humor Modernism T. S. Eliot James Joyce

Themes Women and Femininity: What is a woman’s role in the 1920s? Duty: Is it a required act or a moral obligation? Family: Is it a source of joy or pain? Mortality: Is dying a reward or punishment? Poverty: What are the +/- of being poor? Religion: Is God benevolent or just? Suffering: How much is too much? What is the effect? Versions of Reality: What is real, and what is an illusion?

Characters The Bundren Family Addie Anse Cash Matriarch Former schoolteacher Anse Patriarch Selfish and lazy Cash oldest son rational

Darl Dewey Dell Second oldest son WW I veteran Narrates story the most Telepathic Feels rejected by mother Dewey Dell Only daughter

Jewel Vardaman Third son Addie’s favorite Product of affair with Reverend Whitfield Prized possession = horse Vardaman Youngest child Simple Unable to understand mother’s death

Additional Characters * Armistid – local farmer Gillespie - farmer * Skeet MacGowan – drugstore clerk in Jefferson * Moseley – drugstore owner in Mottson * Dr. Peabody – tends to Addie on her deathbed * Samson - farmer Rachel Samson - wife who makes a connection * Cora Tull – judgmental neighbor * Vernon Tull – closest neighbor * Reverend Whitfield – Jewel’s father * = narrator

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