The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic

Federalist / Republican Mudslingers First 2-party election  War with France Mudslinging  Hamilton attacks Adams  Pamphlet Whisper campaigns  Federalists attack Jefferson’s character  Robbed widow  Sally Hemings  Church V. State

NomineeThomas JeffersonJohn Adams Party Democratic Republican Federalist Home stateVirginiaMassachusetts Running mateAaron Burr Charles Cotesworth PinckneyCharles Cotesworth Pinckney, John JayJohn Jay Electoral vote7365 States carried87 Popular vote41,33025,952 Percentage61.4%38.6% Election of 1800

Jeffersonian Revolution Jefferson is elected president  Burr receives the same amount of votes  Congress decides who will be vice president and who will be president  Burr = Vice President Twelfth Amendment  Electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice-president

Jeffersonian Republicanism People should control the government  Shrink the government  Cut costs  Balance Budget / Get out of debt  Excise tax  Alien-Sedition  Reduced size of army  Halted plans to extend the navy  Lowered expenses for government social functions Took office in the new federal capital  Washington D.C.

John Marshall Judiciary Act of 1801  16 new federal judgeships/offices President Adams filed paperwork while leaving office  Midnight appointments  Leave federalists in office John Marshall  Dominated the Supreme Court  Shaped legal tradition  Federalist

Marbury V. Madison Jefferson said appointments were not valid  Told Madison (Secretary of State) not to deliver appointments Federal chief justice = John Marshall  Declared that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional  Would have ordered Madison to hand over papers Decision strengthened the Supreme court  Established Judicial Review  Ability of Supreme Court to declare a law or act of Congress unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase 1800  Spain ceded to France the trans-Mississippi Region of Louisiana = includes New Orleans  1802  Spain withdraws the right of deposit = Pinckney’s Treaty of  James Monroe / Robert R. Livingston  Buy New Orleans + land to its east  $10 Million

Cont. Napoleon decides to sell  West Indies = Haiti  Malaria  Fear of an alliance with US and Britain April 30, 1803  Louisiana Purchase  $15 million  3-4 cents acre  828,000 square miles

Exploration Isolationist  Removing Europe 1804  Under direction of President Jefferson  Explore the new territory  Meriwether Lewis  William Clark  Sacajawea = Shoshone  33 men  2 ½ years

Aaron burr Burr  Dropped 2 nd Term  Succession of New England and NY  Hamilton exposed plan Burr / Hamilton Duel  Hamilton refused to fire  Burr killed Hamilton with one shot Separate Western part of the U.S.

Neutrality 1804  Jefferson reelected Napoleon provokes war with Britain Orders in Council  British closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping  Ships had to first stop at a British port Napoleon orders the seizure of all merchant ships entering British ports  Including American

Cont. Impressment  Forcible enlistment of sailors  6,000 Chesapeake Affair  Surrender of 4 alleged deserters  American commander refused demand  Chesapeake fired upon  Killing 3 wounding 18

The Hated Embargo U.S. cut of exports Embargo Act 1807  Forbade exports of all goods from the U.S.  “Peaceful Coercion”  Rights of Neutral Nations Docks deserted Soup Kitchens Commerce Hurt Trade = Canadian Border Enforcing legislations  Reviving Federalist party Nullification Repealed March 1, 1809 Non Intercourse Act  Opened Trade  Except Britain / France

Madison’s Gamble 1808  Madison wins presidency Macon’s Bill  Britain or France repealed its commercial restriction  America would restore its embargo against the nonrepealing nation  Ally?  Napoleon maneuvers to lift orders  Britain saw no need to bargain  U.S. reestablished the embargo  Final step towards war

Mr. Madison’s War War inevitable America needed to protect itself Madison = Congress to declare war  June 1, 1812  2 weeks later  House 79 to 49  Senate 19 to 13 Sectionalism  Support = South / West  Federalist = damned the conflict  New England  Resented Republican sympathy with Napoleon  Opposed acquisition of Canada  Sent supplies to Canada  Refused militias to serve outside of their state