Introduction to Atoms & Bonding

Atoms The smallest particle unique to given element; it has one or more subatomic particles Subatomic Particles ChargeMass Location ProtonsPositive1 nucleus Neutronsneutral1 nucleus Electronsnegative0 orbiting

Subatomic Particles Protons = the Atomic Number Neutrons = the Atomic Mass (rounded) minus the Atomic Number Electrons = the same as the number of Protons (unless otherwise told)

Bohr Diagrams Represent the Nucleus Write the number of protons and neutrons Represent the Electron Orbits First Orbit = holds up to 2 electrons Second Orbit = holds up to 8 electrons Third Orbit = holds up to 8 electrons Fourth Orbit = at least 8 electrons

Lewis Dot Diagrams Write the Atomic Symbol Represent only the Outer Electrons with Dots around the Atomic Symbol

Bonding Atoms bond in order to become stable 1) Electrically equal number of protons and electrons 2) Structurally full outer orbit of electrons

Ionic Bonding Type of chemical bond in which atoms transfer electrons (one gains and one loses). During the transfer each atom become an ion (a charged atom).

Covalent Bonding Type of chemical bond in which atoms share electrons.