WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

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Presentation transcript:

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Reactions by Both men And women Context for DBQ

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EFFECT ON WOMEN Little change in views of women’s inferiority or restriction of women’s roles In many ways, may have deepened inferiority & restrictions But women participated in new scientific discoveries Male Reactions: Contradicted the traditional role of women ( Doc #1) …she neglected her household Attractiveness over cerebral ( doc #3)…had been attractive ( but)… nor did I hear her say anything worth hearing

Men’s reactions continued… As husband and collaborator ( doc #4) astronomical research ( favorable) (Doc #6) suggests the legality of women receiving a doctorate from university ( does not oppose education in music and art ( definitely unfavorable but moderate in its approach that women could receive some education) (Doc #5) unfavorable that women should be granted entry into the academy of science in Berlin( even though Maria Winkleman is a widow ( suggesting some compassion) there is ridicule of her contributions

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Persistence of ancient ideas Aristotle, Hippocrates & Galen “Four humors” Misconceptions about female physiology

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY New views & discoveries Greater accuracy in understanding female anatomy Led to notion of pervasiveness of gender differences

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WOMEN IN SCIENCE MARIA CUNITZ (1604-1664) Made important discoveries in astronomy Proficient in 7 languages, mathematics, medicine, history, music, painting & poetry ( additional document to illustrate contributions made) Crater Cunitz on Venus

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WOMEN IN SCIENCE MARGARET CAVENDISH (1623-1673) Wrote 7 works of science & philosophy Promoted individual rational capacity ( another additional document)

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WOMEN IN SCIENCE ANNA MARIA VAN SCHURMAN (1607-1678) Widely renowned for knowledge Promoted women’s education for moral improvement ( yet another additional document)

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WOMEN IN SCIENCE EMILIE DU CHATELET, (1706-1749) First (and only) to translate Newton’s work into French Published own original works building on Newtonian ideas( oh my, yet another additional document)

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION PERISTENCE OF OLD BELIEFS Demons, devils Witch Hunts SABBATS, ritual murder, cannibalism 15th - 18th centuries: @ 100,000 executed for witchcraft

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION PERISTENCE OF OLD BELIEFS Witch Hunts 82% of accused = women Accusations included strong sexual component Targets = non-conforming women marginalized women midwives

WOMEN AND THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION PERISTENCE OF OLD BELIEFS Witch Hunts First conducted by religious authorities Process taken over by secular courts by 17th c. Used torture to extract “confessions” “Water torture” “Witch chair”

Thesis: The reaction of women’s participation within the scientific Revolution was politically eschewed ( dismissed) by Royal societies and Universities alike , men predominantly believed that a women’s role was Household although many would contribute as collaborators. While Many women would advance the cause of science, their male ( and female) Detractors would prevent their admission into royal societies, universities And publishing marginalizing their historical role in the scientific Revolution. An additional document from Maria Cunitz’s journal Would provide an insider’s view of someone who provided advances In astronomy and who was highly educated to illustrate the myriad Obstacles she had to endure to remain relevant in a time when women Were not taken seriously.