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No sooner had Adams taken office…. Conflict with France The French people objected to the (1) Jay Treaty between the United States and Britain. In 1797, French ships began to seize American ships in the West Indies. To avoid war, Adams sent (2) John Marshall, Charles C. Pinckney, and Elbridge Gerry to France.

The XYZ Affair The French foreign minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand would not deal directly with the Americans but sent three secret agents to offer the Americans a deal. –“You must pay money before we can begin the talks.” de Tallyrand wants $250,000 for himself and a loan of 10 million for France.

XYZ Affair – “This was a bribe!” “This was a bribe!” Replied the American diplomats. Congress did not want to reveal the names of the three agents, so they were referred to as X, Y and Z. the Paris Monster: an American cartoon of 1798 on the 'XYZ' Affair; the five-man Directory ruling France demands money at dagger's point from the American commisioners.

War fever ignited! Soon the Americans heard about the XYZ Affair in 1798 and were outraged and called for (3) war. –“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

Adams Reaction In response, Congress quickly voted to strengthen the (4) Army and Navy. America built frigates - fastest sailing ships with many guns. The American frigate USS Constellation (left) bears down on the L'Insurgente off the island of Nevis in the West Indies on 9 February 1799 during the undeclared war with France: contemporary aquatint.

7 The L'Insurgent (left) hauls down her tricolor and surrenders to the American frigate USS Constellation off of the island of Nevis in the West Indies on 9 February 1799 during the undeclared war with France. Contemporary aquatint.

New Power in France In 1799, (5) Napoleon Bonaparte came to power. Already at war with Britain, Napoleon did not want war with America to and in the Convention of 1800, France and the United States agreed on terms for peace.

WASHINGTON‘S DEATH The death of President George Washington on 14 December 1799.

Federalists pass through several laws During the crisis with France the Federalists passed through three laws collectively known as the (6) Alien Acts. These acts were supposed to protect the country from foreigners living in the Country.

Naturalization Act Federalists wanted to make citizenship more difficult for newcomers so they increased the time required to become a United States citizen from 5 to 14 years.

The Alien Act The Alien Act allowed the president to deport or expel any alien thought to be (6) dangerous to the country. Federalists hoped this would silence any French refugees who opposed Federalist calls for war.

Alien Enemies Act The Alien Enemies Act allowed the United States government to arrest and deport all aliens who were citizens of foreign nations at war with the United States.

Sedition Act Federalists also passed a law called the (7) Sedition Act that made it a crime to speak or write critically about the federal government or those who ran it. American cartoon, 1798, engraving on the fight in Congress between Roger Griswold (wielding cane) and Matthew Lyon, the most notable victim of the Sedition Act of 1798.

Jefferson and Madison React Sedition Act violates the (8) 1 st Amendment to the Constitution. Since the Federalists controlled the courts Jefferson and Madison urged states to take action. Kentucky and Virginia pass the (9) Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 which stated that each state had an equal right to judge for itself whether a law was constitutional.

The Election of 1800 In the election of 1800, (10) Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr ran against John Adams and Charles Pinckney for President and Vice President. Following the Constitution, the one with the highest vote became President and the second highest became Vice President. The vote was a deadlock, or tie between Jefferson and Burr. Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives decides the election in the case of a tie vote.

A new president With the help of Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson elected to become the new president of the United States. Aaron Burr becomes Vice President.

Amending the Election Method The tie made it clear that the election method was flawed. To avoid another tie, Congress passed the (12) Twelfth Amendment which called for electors to vote on separate amendments to elect President and Vice President.

Federalists Legacy After the election of (13) 1800, the Federalists party lost power. Under the Federalists America had expanded to include three new states – Vermont, Kentucky, and Tennessee. French architect Pierre L’Enfant had been given the honor of planning the construction of Washington, D.C blueprint for the Whitehouse Vermont Tennessee Kentucky